The regularities of the material and technical development of society as the main factors determining the content of social processes are considered. Specific historical subject of the scientific analysis in the framework of this methodological approach is the course towards modernization of Russia as a strategic model for its development in the long run. The theoretical foundation of the study is shown. It is based on the concept of technosocial formula of society. Its idea and mechanism of action that determine the historical relativity of sustainable development is revealed.