The essay provides some facts about the Russian scientist N.V. Agueyev (1903-1983): his main scientific outputs fulfilled under the leadership of the Academy member N.S. Kurnakov in the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, his educational works in the Leningrad Metallurgical Institute and in the Leningrad Industrial Institute, which were affiliated to the Polytechnic Institute in 1930 and 1934. The essay emphasizes the importance of training in Germany for N.V. Agueyev’s self-development as an outstanding scientist. The author shows a special role of N. V. Ageev in disseminating a new x-ray research method for metals and alloys in order to solve scientific and applied tasks. In the middle of the XX century this method was especially fruitful for the development of knowledge about the nature of metal substances which are the foundation of the science about metals and alloys.