It is expected that the necessity to solve the problem of global deficiency of energy resources in the 21st century may give a new impulse to the development of atomic industry in Russia. The development undoubtedly should proceed taking into account the achievements and the experience acquired by the atomic industry in the previous years. Active introduction of innovative technologies is expected, both in the area of monitoring of the state of equipment of nuclear power plants, and in the area of processing the spent fuel. The planned mastering of the closed fuel cycle is the necessary condition of economic growth as well as entering the market of industrial energy reactors by the end of the 21st century. Successful implementation of the long-term development strategy requires timely solution of existing problems of the atomic industry as well as posing new challenges in step with the times. In particular, the tasks of forecasting and prevention of emergency situations (ES) at nuclear energy objects are of special importance.