The article examines the prospects for achieving carbon neutrality by the largest developing countries (China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Iran, and Saudi Arabia). An analysis of the structure of energy and land use in these countries is carried out. Scenario estimates of the dynamics of carbon indicators for the economies of the countries under study are developed. It is shown that the current pace of decarbonization and development of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) industry in the countries under study do not allow them to fulfill their commitments to achieve climate neutrality in 2050–2070. This goal cannot be achieved before the end of the century. The central challenge in achieving climate neutrality is the rapid and large-scale implementation of CCS technologies in all their possible manifestations. Of the countries under study, however, only China and Brazil have their own carbon storage capabilities for more than a hundred years. Despite the fact that climate change occupies almost a leading place on the global agenda, the actual results of efforts in this area are far from declared, and it is no longer possible to keep warming within 1.5°C. The key task is to minimize the time that the global climate system remains in the dangerous extreme zone (above 1.5°C), which will require the creation of a global economy with negative greenhouse gas emissions.