https://www.elibrary.ru/title_about_new.asp?i
2782-6724
Global Energy
23
3
2017
RAR
RUS
7-15
Bolshev
Аleksandr
7102629343
Vasil'ev
Yuriy
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
interserv@spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Alhimenko
Аleksandr
Environment protection in the development of carbon-nitrogen resources of arctic seas
The paper considers some problems of developing the measures on prevention of marine pollution and elimination of oil spills under ice cover. We have discussed problems of economic effectiveness taking into account the capital cost of the environment protection. An important factor of effective prevention of oil spills is international collaboration in the field of production of effective equipment for operations on eliminating oil spills under ice cover. A key factor of combatting oil spills is finding and tracking their motion influenced by water currents and ice bottom surface characteristics. It is necessary to develop a mathematical model based on experimental and theoretical data. There are some reasons explaining such data. First, field experiments take a lot of efforts, time etc., at the same time laboratory experiments do not provide accurate results. Secondly, mathematical description of tracking oil spills under the ice cover requires information about current parameters and roughness of the bottom surface of ice cover which usually not known. A serious problem is developing the equipment for elimination of oil spills.
10.18721/JEST.230301
502/504
Arctic projects; continental shelf; oil spills under ice cover; elimination of oil spills; equipment for collecting oil spills; theoretical and experimental research studies
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.1/
1_bolshev.pdf
RAR
RUS
16-28
Romakhova
Galina
The analysis of cooling losses in gas turbines
A combined plant efficiency of greater than 60 percent is achievable through raising the turbine inlet temperature to 1500–1600 ºC and incorporation of advanced cooling techniques in the gas turbine. The primary influence on cycle efficiency as turbine inlet temperature is raised is increased turbine cooling loss. The increase in gas turbine cycle efficiency as turbine inlet temperature is raised may be more than offset by the increased cooling losses. The cooling losses play a major role in combined cycle optimization. Detailed prediction of cooling losses is a complex task. The quantification of cooling losses cannot be performed by traditional energy-balance analysis. The model for the turbine cooling losses is presented. It is based on a separation of the air-cooled gas turbine cycle into topping cycle with products of combustion as working fluid and bottoming cycles with cooling flow. The method of exergy analysis is applied to identified and quantified cooling losses. The models have been used in computer programs that predict the performance of cooled gas-turbine plant depending on the cooling technology levels and turbine inlet temperature. The presented method is illustrated by applying it to analyze an air-cooled gas turbine plant similar to the GTE-65. A detailed breakdown of the component irreversibilities by source-process is presented. The calculation results are illustrated in the flow diagram of exergy.
10.18721/JEST.230302
621.438
efficiency; gas turbine plant; combined plant; cooling losses; exergy analysis; model for turbine cooling losses
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.2/
2_romakhova.pdf
RAR
RUS
29-36
Kuznetsov
Geniy
elf@tpu.ru
Yankovsky
Stanislav
Efficiency of using composite fuels made of coal and wood in industrial power engineering
The results of experimental studies of the thermal decomposition processes of composite fuels based on long-flame coal (the Listvyazhnoe deposit) and based on timber industry wastes (Dzerzhinsky LPK, Tomsk) are presented. The main characteristics of composite fuels are determined: heat of combustion; humidity; ash content; release of volatiles; influence of thermal decomposition degree on temperature; the scale of the decrease in the emissions of anthropogenic gases with an increase of wood concentration in composite fuel is established. An effective composite fuel composition has been established as 50 %/50 %. At this concentration, energy characteristics decrease by less than 9 %, but yield of fly ash and SOx, NOx oxides is reduced by 34 % and 30 %, respectively. The conducted experimental research allows justifying the possibility of using these composite fuels for combustion in steam and hot-water boilers.
10.18721/JEST.230303
620.92
COMPOSITE FUEL; THERMAL DECOMPOSITION; COAL; WOOD; KINETICS
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.3/
3_kuznetsov.pdf
RAR
RUS
37-48
Barilovich
Vladimir
Smirnov
Yurii
y_a_s@mail.ru
Improvement of airlift and jet pump calculations
The calculations of an airlift and a jet pump (ejector) working in a two-phase (water/sand stream) mode is executed on the basis of systems of differential equations of the conservation laws suggested by the AUTHORS. The calculations are performed as one-dimensional and stationary. For the calculation of the jet pump the two-phase flow in a vertical pipe was studied followed by the same calculations for the jet pump. Physical and mathematical models are offered for each of the cases. The numerical data calculations allowing to determine the sizes of the ejector’s flow element, and variation of the key physical parameters of a two-phase stream lengthwise are carried out. When developing the equations for movement measurement for liquid and solid phases, the classical coefficients of resistance and friction based on Reynolds’s numbers were used. The results of the differential equation solutions are illustrated with graphs. The presented physical and mathematical models of calculation of the airlift and the jet pump are a further advance of methods of calculation of jet devices of this class.
10.18721/JEST.230304
536.7
airlift; ejector; two-phase stream; well; nozzle; compressor; pump
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.4/
4_barilovich.pdf
RAR
RUS
49-60
Semakina
Elena
chern@pef.spbstu.ru
Hoang
Van
Chernikov
Victor
chern@pef.spbstu.ru
Aerodynamic processes in a stationary gas turbine exhaust duct: results of experimental studies
The results of an experimental study of exhaust duct aerodynamics of a two-shaft gas turbine of medium power made at the Turbomachinery Laboratory named after I.I. Kirillov of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university are presented in the study. The experiments were performed on a model consisting of an exhaust diffuser and a collector box, by traversing the flow at the cross-sections of the flow channel of a model output duct. The goal of the study was to determine the integral characteristics of the output duct: the kinetic energy losses of the flow and the pressure recovery coefficient at various sections of the path, as well as obtaining experimental data for validating the CFD flow model. As a result of the experiment, the main sources of kinetic energy losses in the flow channel were identified, the generation mechanism of vortex structures after the struts and in the outlet collector box was discovered and ways to improve duct aerodynamics were determined. A more detailed analysis of the flow in the duct can be obtained only by numerical simulation. Therefore, an important result of the work is the experimentally measured 3D fields of the flow parameters at the flow duct cross-sections, which are necessary for testing the CFD flow model and performing a numerical experiment.
10.18721/JEST.230305
621.165.001.5
EXHAUST SYSTEM; DUFFUSOR; COLLECTOR-BOX; AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.5/
5_semakina.pdf
RAR
RUS
61-73
Legkostupova
Vera
Sudakov
Aleksandr
Modernization of moisture separator reheaters in nuclear power units with VVER reactors
One of the factors responsible for the reliable operation of wet steam turbines is the safe operation of the moisture separator steam reheaters (MSR). Based on the analysis of existing designs and operational experience of domestic and foreign MSRs, the main disadvantages of MSR constructions were identified. Recommendations on modernizing the existing models and creating advanced MSR constructions are proposed. The project of the modernized constructions SPP-220M and SPP-1000, used at operating NPP units with the VVER-440 and VVER-1000 reactors, is presented. A distinctive feature of the proposed project is that it can be implemented in the «old» or new case, which is identical to the original. Thermal-hydraulic calculations and the comparison of technical characteristics of constructions before and after the upgrade were carried out to justify the project. The positive experience of MSR modernization in the Loviisa NPP (Finland) also confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed modernization project. MSR modernization was made by the German firm Balcke Durr. The main provisions of the modernization are identical to the proposed project.
10.18721/JEST.230306
621.311.25
Moisture separator-steam reheaters (MSR); turbine; water-water energetic reactor (VVER); nuclear power plant (NPP); modernization
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.6/
6_legkostupova.pdf
RAR
RUS
74-87
Trinchenko
Aleksei
trinchenko@mail.ru
Paramonov
Aleksandr
papamon@mail.ru
Kadyrov
Marsel
Low-temperature swirl burning as a method for improving the environmental performance of a high-power boiler
The normative documents in the field of environmental protection require that the established emission standards be met both in the construction of new energy facilities and in the improvement of energy equipment. The study presents the results of numerical research on low-temperature vortex burning in a P-49 boiler of the 500 MW block of the Nazarovsky state district power plant for ecological justification of the project of its modernization to low-temperature swirl technology. Using the developed models, technique and the computer program, calculations of furnace process were carried out and quantitative assessment of the emissions level of nitrogen oxides for the modernized boiler was executed. The results of modeling and the experimental data obtained when carrying out commissioning and balance tests of the P-49 boiler with the LTS fire chamber confirmed that introducing swirl burning has allowed to increase overall performance, to eliminate slagging, to considerably reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, to improve ignition and burning out of fuel.
10.18721/JEST.230307
621.181:622.612
energy; fuel; combustion chamber; burning; gaseous pollutants; mathematical model
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.7/
7_trinchenko.pdf
RAR
RUS
88-100
Dubitsky
Semen
Greshnyakov
Georgii
B-7916-2013
6601971248
0000-0002-1173-8727
Korovkin
Nikolay
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
nikolay.korovkin@gmail.com
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Management of the Magnetic Field of a Buried Cable Power Line
This paper presents the finite element analysis of the magnetic field of underground power cable lines from medium to high voltage. The main goal is the comparison of various methods of magnetic field management with special attention to its thermal effect and to multiple feeder power lines. The combined electromagnetic and thermal FEA simulation clearly shows that magnetic field minimization is contrary to the cable temperature. The effectiveness of the classical U-shaped magnetic screen made from thin highly permeable alloy is investigated. In addition, the newly proposed tube-formed magnetic screen is thoroughly simulated taking into account both magnetic and thermal effects.
10.18721/JEST.230308
621.315.23
magnetic field management; cable power line; EMC; multiphysics analysis; finite element analysis; shielding; soft magnetic film
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.8/
8_dubitskiy.pdf
RAR
RUS
101-108
56825574900
Gumeniuk
Vasiliy
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
kaf-uzchs@mail.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Tolochko
Ivan
Tumanov
Alexander
toumanov@mail.ru
Modelling the degree of protection of a power engineering facility in emergency situations: the structure of the model and mathematical tools
We have identified the characteristics of power engineering facilities as an object which may be damaged in case of emergency situations, as well as the special aspects of modelling this process. The degree of protection has been defined with respect to the power engineering facility. We have created the general structure of the degree of protection of power engineering facilities from the influence of adverse factors in emergency situations and the hierarchy of submodels (models of technical systems, elements and adverse factors). We have proved the methodological principles of analysis of the safe conditions of the power engineering facility and have chosen the optimal mathematical tool for describing the destructive effect. We have created the criteria of the degree of protection of technical systems of the power engineering facility and its elements; the condition of probability of survival and notion of a weak element. We have developed the general algorithm of the estimation procedure of degree of protection of the power engineering facility from adverse factors in emergency situations.
10.18721/JEST.230309
629.039.58
power engineering facility; modeling; emergency situation; adverse factor; degree of protection; model of degree of protection
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.9/
9_gumenyuk.pdf
RAR
RUS
109-117
Galevsky
Gennadiy
kafcmet@mail.ru
Rudneva
Victoria
Efimova
Kseniia
efimovaksenia@mail.ru
Features of the processes of boride formation during plasma treatment of titanium-boron-containing raw materials
The temperature dependence of the composition of the gaseous and solid products formed, the composition of gaseous compounds thermodesorbed from the surface of titanium diboride, and the morphology of nanoparticles were studied in order to form ideas on the mechanism of boride formation processes occurring during plasma treatment of titanium-boron-containing raw materials. Analysis of the results suggests a possible mechanism for the formation of titanium diboride in the «vapor-melt-crystal» scheme, which includes the condensation of titanium vapor in the form of an aerosol, the boron nano-drop of the melt with borohydrides, and the crystallization of the titanium-boron melt; A generalized hypothetical scheme of boride formation has been compiled, containing 2 zones: a high-temperature (5400–3500 K) for the formation of a reaction mixture in which evaporation of a powdered titanium-boron-containing charge occurs, «gasification» of boron into borohydrides, and a lower-temperature (3500–2000 K), In which condensation of titanium vapor occurs, a significant decrease in the concentration of borohydrides and the formation of titanium diboride.
10.18721/JEST.230310
669.046:536.45
Titanium-boron-containing raw materials; plasma processing; titanium diboride; boride formation; mechanism
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.10/
10_galevskiy.pdf
RAR
RUS
118-126
Lavrentev
Alekseii
Dozhdelev
Alekseii
Improving of the structure of the heat affected zone deposited bimetallic tool material
The structure and properties of the heat-affected zone of the 30CrMnSiА steel formed in the process of electric arc fusing of the high-speed R2М8 steel with direct current flux-cored wire in inert gas was investigated. The greatest decrease in hardness occurs at the area of overheating and full recrystallization, the second area of lowered hardness was found in the zone of high-temperature tempering. The possibility of increasing the hardness due to an increase in the rate of cooling of the HAZ metal with the reduction of heat input in the process of fusing with the use of double control of the transfer of metal in the arc is substantiated. The possibility of increasing the hardness of the metal in the HAZ is experimentally confirmed by controlling the thermal surfacing cycle.
10.18721/JEST.230311
669.017:669.15:621.9
fusing; bimetal; high-speed steel; tool; hardening
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.11/
11_lavrentev.pdf
RAR
RUS
127-135
Shorokhova
Zulfiya
Topazh
Grigory
Ivanchenko
Igorʼ
hydroturbo@ckti.ru
Development of a rapid method for calculating the hydroturbine cavitation characteristics
It is noted that when calculating the cavitation indicators of a hydraulic turbine by the rapid method implemented in the GRANITE program, the influence of cavitation on the pressure distribution is taken into account only in the zone of cavitation cavities on the surface of the blade, where tensile stresses occur. The fact that the cavity extends downstream beyond the zone of tensile stresses is not taken into account. This circumstance leads to systematic errors in determining the cavitation indices of the turbine at the specified rapid procedure. In this case the calculated values of the cavitation indicators tend to be greater than the corresponding experimental values. The study presents the analysis and comparison of results of calculation and experimental research of cavitation performance of hydraulic turbines of different specific speed. We have proposed practical recommendations, which have helped to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the critical cavitation coefficient of the hydraulic turbine according to the specified rapid procedure.
10.18721/JEST.230312
621.224.7
Joint-stock company I.I. Polzunov scientitic and development assotiation on reslarch and design of power equipment
Saint-Peterburg
Russian Federation
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.12/
12_shorokhova.pdf
RAR
RUS
136-143
Isaev
Yurii
ymi30@mail.ru
Matrosov
Artiom
Mashkov
Maksim
Sunarchin
Robert
Numerical and experimental study of multiactuator electro-hydraulic servo drive
The results of numerical and experimental research of a two-cylinder electrohydraulic servo drive under the influence of positional load are presented in this work. This hydraulic drive is made by one of the standard schemes, according to which one of the cylinders is master and the other is slave. Both hydraulic cylinders operate with a common load. The influence of different link stiffnesses at varied loads on the synchronicity of executive hydraulic cylinders operation, which is determined by the difference of hydraulic cylinder displacement, is investigated. To understand the results of the experiment, a mathematical model of the drive, which consists of 9 ordinary differential equations, was developed. This model is implemented using the MathCAD integrated environment and the AMESim integrated platform for simulation. Numerical experiments were carried out. The results of numerical experiments coincide with the test-bench results. The dependencies of the piston displacement synchronization error on the positional load at different values of link stiffness have been obtained graphically.
10.18721/JEST.230313
621.225.2:62.822
MULTIACTUATOR ELECTROHYDRAULIC SERVO DRIVE; MATHEMATICAL MODELING; SYNCHRONIZATION; AMESIM; MATHCAD
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.13/
13_isaev.pdf
RAR
RUS
144-152
Lapshin
Kirill
kirill.lapschin@gmail.com
Multimode optimization of a birotational gas turbine of a turboshaft engine
The article discusses the problem of the expediency of using birotate schemes in constructions of gas turbines of aircraft turboshaft engines. As a means of solving this problem, the OPTBGT software complex created by the author was used. This program was implemented using the method of structural programming and was designed for multi-mode computer optimization of flow parts of gas turbines with sliding of conventional rotor and birotate rotor. For a two-stage (with high-pressure and low-pressure turbines) gas turbine of the specific turboshaft engine, three variants of turbines were considered: conventional type, birotating turbine with nozzle apparatuses in the low-pressure turbine, birotating turbine without nozzle apparatuses in the low-pressure turbine. Multi-mode computer optimization was carried out in four modes: takeoff, maximum continuous, cruising and low-gas modes. The variant of the turbine without nozzle apparatuses in the low-pressure turbine in the takeoff mode has a reduction of about 16 % of the efficiency of the low-pressure turbine as compared to the variant of conventional turbine because of high losses of kinetic energy with output velocity. The variant of the turbine with nozzle apparatuses in the low-pressure turbine in all modes has an increase of about 1 % of the efficiency of the low-pressure turbine as compared to the variant of conventional turbine because of the reduction of profile and secondary losses in nozzle apparatuses of the low-pressure turbine because of the reduction in nozzle apparatuses of 77 degrees of the angle of the rotation of the flow.
10.18721/JEST.230314
621.438. 001.2
TURBOSHAFT ENGINES; BIROTATING TURBINE; MULTIMODE OPTIMIZATION OF TURBINES; LOSSES OF KINETIC ENERGY; DEGREE OF REACTIVITY
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.14/
14_lapshin.pdf
PER
RUS
153-157
7102629343
Vasil'ev
Yuriy
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
interserv@spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Schislayev
Sergeii
To the anniversary of Vladimir Mitkevich (145th anniversary of his birth)
The article presents the biography of the outstanding Russian scientist-electrical engineer, Academician Vladimir Fedorovich Mitkevich. Vladimir Fedorovich made a significant contribution to the development of the science of electromagnetic phenomena and contributed much to the spread of scientific knowledge in Russia.
10.18721/JEST.230315
001:929
Mitkevich V.F.; scientist-electrical engineer; academician; electromagnetic phenomena; Petersburg University
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.15/
15_vasilev.pdf
PER
RUS
158-164
Morachevski
Andrey
morachevski@mail.ru
Firsova
Elena
Academician Vladimir Vernadsky: the years of hardship (February 1917 — February 1921)
ominent natural scientists of the first half of the 20th century. As a researcher and thinker, organizer of scientific teams and public figure, essay writer and historian of science, he made a great contribution to the development of geochemistry, mineralogy, and crystallography, created such new scientific fields as biogeochemistry and radiogeology, was the first to study the role of animate matter in geological processes, and filled the notions of biosphere and noosphere with new scientific content. The essay is dedicated to the difficult period in the scientist’s life when he was forced to live first in Ukraine (in Poltava and Kiev) and later in the Crimea (in Simferopol).
10.18721/JEST.230316
51/53(051)
VLADIMIR IVANOVICH VERNADSKY; MEMBER OF ST. PETERSBURG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; PRESIDENT OF UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; PROFESSOR OF TAVRIDA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY; CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF RUS
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.16/
16_morachevskiy.pdf
PER
RUS
165-172
Morachevski
Andrey
morachevski@mail.ru
Firsova
Elena
Life and career of academician Vladimir Ipatieff (on the occasion of his 150th birth anniversary)
This essay is dedicated to the life, scholarly works, and academic and organizational activities of Academician Vladimir Nikolaevich Ipatieff (1867–1952), one of the most prominent chemists of the first half of the 20th century, founder of contemporary heterogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry, a remarkable experimenter and organizer of industrial production, and creator of a large school of sciences. As a General-Lieutenant of the Russian army and chairman of the Military Chemistry Committee, he made an invaluable contribution to the development of military chemistry in Russia during the First World War. In the 1920s, he took active part in the creation of chemical industry in the country. Arrests of his colleagues and general political situation in Russia forced Ipatieff to leave the country in 1930 — temporarily, as he believed. However, in 1936 he was deprived of Soviet citizenship and excluded from the USSR Academy of Sciences. Ipatieff successfully continued his academic and teaching activities in the USA. His works in the area of obtaining high-quality aviation gasoline and other researches contributed to the victory over a common enemy.
10.18721/JEST.230317
51/53 (051)
VLADIMIR IPATIEFF; MEMBER OF IMPERIAL (PETERSBURG) ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; MEMBER OF USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; PROFESSOR OF MIKHAILOVSKAYA ARTILLERY ACADEMY; MILITARY CHEMISTRY INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY; EMIGRATION
https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2017.101.17/
17_morachevskiy.pdf