Global Energy

RAR RUS 5-16 Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Vladimirov Iaroslav

29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia

Zyssin Leonid lv_zyssin@mail.ru Methodological aspects of energy utilization of municipal solid waste and its gasification products We have described the main methods for energy utilization of municipal solid waste. The article contains the dynamics of morphological composition of municipal solid waste in St. Petersburg since 1975. We have summarized the results of the analysis of thermal characteristics of fuel gases obtained from municipal solid waste by different versions of modern technologies of bioconversion and thermolysis. We have described a method for obtaining the basic fuel characteristics of these gases. Moreover, the study covers the main aspects of fuel gas combustion in boilers and heat engines. As a result, we have proved that fuel gases can be used in industrial and civil boilers without their reconstruction. 10.18721/JEST.240101 697.341 Bioconversion thermolysis municipal waste torches gasifiers landfill gas https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.1/ 1.pdf

RAR RUS 17-26 Popov Maxim Differential protection of inter-system transmission lines with charge capacity compensation The goal of the article was to investigate the dynamic properties of longitudinal differential protection of power lines with charge capacity compensation and to develop recommendations for increasing the sensitivity of protection. As a result of the study, it was established that the minimum tripping current of the protection is inadmissible for providing selective operation due to the condition of sensitivity in idle switching modes of the OL. Therefore, an increase in the main braking signal is necessary in order to achieve the required sensitivity and speed. The article presents the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of the methods proposed earlier in [1] for improving the efficiency of protection. The use of additional braking due to compensation of unbalance currents caused by distributed capacitance of the OL allows to significantly increase the sensitivity of protection. 10.18721/JEST.240102 621.311:621.316:621.317 Electric transmission line current transformer dynamic properties differential protection restricted signal correction of sensitivity https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.2/ 2.pdf

RAR RUS 27-37 6603036819 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Titkov Vassiliy titkovprof@yandex.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Alexander Lubkov Pavel Tukeev Thermal processes in a three-phase cable line in a grid with isolated neutral under one-phase arcing ground fault The heating mode of a cable line under one-phase arcing ground fault is considered in this paper along with an assessment of the scale of cable insulation caused by a temperature increase in the fault location. Based on the enclosed arcing discharge model, we have constructed a system of equations describing the heating mode of a cable line during the evolution of one-phase arcing ground fault over time. We have obtained the time history of the temperature field of the considered cable line using finite-element analysis. Based on the obtained data, we were able to draw several conclusions about the influence of such parameters as the operating voltage on the behavior of the heating mode, along with typical time and dimension scales of these processes. We have formulated a number of suggestions focused on decreasing the probability of the development of considerable thermal destruction of a cable line under one-phase arcing ground fault that could potentially cause two-phase fault 10.18721/JEST.240103 621.315.2.016.2 Heating mode cable cable line insulation arc discharge breakdown single-phase ground fault https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.3/ 3.pdf

RAR RUS 38-49 Khismatullin Azat Musca Bashirov Evgeniya Soldatova Evgeniy Mavlekaev Increasing the efficiency of cooling in oil transformers The article is dedicated to the currently important problem of increasing the efficiency of cooling systems of oil transformers with considerable long and short overloads. Increasing the efficiency of cooling in oil transformers makes it possible to increase their engine life, improve efficiency and safety of operation. Statistical data are given on the causes of failure of the transformers of different voltage classes and with different operating times. Based on the study of statistical data, it is established that inefficiency of oil cooling systems during the summer period of operation and with considerable short overloads is one of the main causes of transformer failure. To increase the efficiency of cooling systems of oil transformers, we propose agitation of cooling oil with circulating sulfur hexafluoride and subsequent cooling of sulfur hexafluoride with a thermoelectric cooler. The system of circulation and cooling of sulfur hexafluoride switches on automatically with considerable long and short overloads. We have considered the design and operation of the proposed cooling system for oil transformers. A series of laboratory experiments was carried out for cooling transformer oil in a power transformer tank with and without a compressor. The temperature versus time curves have been plotted for natural cooling and for the case when agitation is used. We have experimentally determined the coefficients of thermal diffusivity and heat transfer of transformer oil at various distances from the heating element. We have considered the mathematical problem of the distribution of the heat flux in a rectangular parallelepiped and obtained the solution of the heat conduction equation in a tank of a power transformer shaped as a rectangular parallelepiped. The construction of a laboratory installation is described in detail. The brands of thermocouples used, the brand of the compressor and the analog-digital converter are given. 10.18721/JEST.240104 620.9 Technical position transformer electric power supply supervision recondition sulfur hexafluoride efficiency agitation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.4/ 4.pdf

RAR RUS 50-59 Plotnikov Andrey andreyplotnikow@gmail.com Emelyanov Oleg oaemel2@gmail.com Belko Viktor Roman Kuryakov Study of short-pulse dielectric strength of chip capacitors. Part I: The main experimental results The goal of the paper is testing the short-pulse dielectric strength of chip capacitors and lightning impulse testing with subsequent failure analysis. The experimental setups are developed in order to determine the short-pulse dielectric strength and lightning impulse withstand voltage. The distribution functions of these characteristics have been found to follow the normal distribution. The oscillograms of current and voltage across the capacitors are presented, as well as the dependence of the capacitance and dissipation factor on the testing impulse voltage magnitude. A brief failure analysis is carried out. The main failure mechanisms are highlighted. The obtained results will be the basis for the method of preliminary estimation of short-pulse dielectric strength in chip capacitors. 10.18721/JEST.240105 621.319.4; 537.226.7 Chip capacitor short pulse dielectric strength lightning impulse electromagnetic compatibility failure analysis https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.5/ 5.pdf

RAR RUS 60-74 Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Lyulina Maria Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Pershikov Georg Alexander Smirnov Belyaev Andrey andrey.belyaev@gmail.com Smolovik Sergey smolovik@niipt.ru Analytical study of operating conditions of long-distance power transmission lines with series compensation devices We have carried out an analytical study of the operation conditions of AC transmission lines with series compensation devices (SCDs). We have established that the application of capacitive compensation is associated with the limitations determined by voltage deviations at the intermediate points of the line. Significant reactive power generated by capacitance requires the use of shunt compensation. The obtained results indicate the disadvantages of using SCDs with a large capacitive conductance, since the possibilities for increasing the transmission capacity of such an SCD are limited by the voltage drop across the capacitance. If it is necessary to compensate the inductance of long-distance overhead lines, it is advisable to apply several SCDs with a reduced capacitance in each of them. We have analyzed the operation conditions of one of the well-known compensated power transmissions with several SCDs. It is shown that the ability to control reactive power when changing line loading and the ability to control the voltage settings of the CSR contribute to a significant increase in their transfer capability. 10.18721/JEST.240106 621.313.322 Long-distance ac transmission system series compensation shunt conpensation operating conditions small signal stability controlled shunt reactor static var compensator https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.6/ 6.pdf

RAR RUS 75-86 Zhuravleva Natalya Natalia_Zhurav@mail.ru Kiesewetter Dmitry Reznik Aleksandr alexreznik85@gmail.com Smirnova Ekaterina smirnovalta@gmail.com Albert Khripunov Electrophysical characteristics of paper-impregnated insulation by modifying the cellulose base with a biopolymer In this paper, we have considered the possibility of improving the electrophysical properties and heat resistance of dielectric cellulose paper (a component of high-voltage paper-impregnated insulation) by using a biopolymer as a basis and as a modifier for traditional cellulose. We have obtained prototypes of insulating papers with enhanced electrophysical properties allowing to improve the performance characteristics of a solid dielectric. We have established that modification affects the stability of a solid dielectric against long thermal exposure in an electrical insulation fluid. We have considered the prospects of the technological method of biopolymer disintegration, which can be used in industrial production of cellulosic dielectrics. We have established that it is expedient to create new-generation cellulose dielectrics, which are a valuable alternative to plant cellulose obtained from coniferous woods, differing by their increased electrophysical characteristics. 10.18721/JEST.240107 621.3.048.1 Paper-impregnated insulation cellulose biopolymer modification power transformer https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.7/ 7.pdf

RAR RUS 87-94 Galevsky Gennadiy kafcmet@mail.ru Rudneva Victoria Efimova Kseniia efimovaksenia@mail.ru Study of oxidation and thermooxidative stability of nanocrystalline titanium diboride Oxidation and thermal-oxidative stability of titanium diboride are studied during storage and heating in air. Titanium diboride has been synthesized by plasma and magnesium-thermal methods and has the following specific surface areas, m2/kg: 43000 for TiB2 (1), 38000 for TiB2 (2), 2600 for TiB2 (3). It was found that titanium diboride actively adsorbs oxygen and moisture when stored in air for the first 24 hours: the oxidation reaches 11,06 ∙ 10–7 for TiB2 (1), 8,15 ∙ 10–7 for TiB2 (2), 31,5 ∙ 10–7 kg O2/m2 for TiB2 (3). Analytical dependencies were obtained for the calculation of oxidation. When heated in air, titanium diboride nanocrystals are oxidized in the temperature range (623–673) ± 15 K, microcrystals at a temperature of 688 ± 5 K and higher. The pyrolytic boron and carbon accompanying the diboride are oxidized in the temperature ranges (550–870) ± 12 K and (670–790) ± 17 K 10.18721/JEST.240108 669.046:536.45 Titanium diboride nanocrystals microcrystals oxidation thermooxidative stability https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.8/ 8.pdf

RAR RUS 95-103 Kotov Sergey Baturova Ludmila Anna Burlova Ekaterina Zvereva Influence of the method of surface modification on the electrochemical properties of titanium Titanium possess a unique combination of high resistance to corrosion and high specific strength, which is why it has found wide application in fields where durability and reliability of equipment is required. However, in many operating conditions, it requires corrosion protection in aggressive substances. Various methods of modifying the surface of titanium and its alloys are employed for this purpose. The paper compares two methods of modification: anode oxidation and laser treatment. Oxidation forms inert coating, which reduces the output of alloying components, on the surface of titanium. Laser treatment produces a developed surface relief, increases microhardness and forms a protective oxide layer. We have found that laser treatment is more effective in increasing the corrosion resistance of titanium and its alloys. 10.18721/JEST.240109 621.762 Resistance to corrosion of titanium surface modification laser processing anodic oxidation electrochemical behavior of titanium in various substances https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.9/ 9.pdf

RAR RUS 104-112 Kononov Aleksander a.a.kononov@russia.ru Matveev Mikhail matveev_ma@inbox.ru Formation of the structure of grain-oriented silicon steel during hot rolling We have studied the processes of structure formation during hot rolling of grain-oriented silicon steel. We have confirmed that the structure of surface layers of a hot-rolled strip forms as a result of two processes: the γ →α phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization. The central layers form as a result of recovery of deformed grains. Based on the obtained results, we have established that a structure that is inhomogeneous in the thickness of the hot-rolled strip forms due to non-uniform phase transformation. The surface layers of the strip are cooled faster than the central ones during rolling because the γ→α phase transformation proceeds more intensively in these layers. Polygonal ferrite is formed during hot rolling of the studied steels as a result of two processes: the γ→α phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization. Since the phase transformation in the central part of the strip is weak, a deformed structure is formed there. 10.18721/JEST.240110 621.771.23 Grain-oriented silicon steel goss texture hot rolling phase transformation crystallographic texture https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.10/ 10.pdf

RAR RUS 113-121 Khrustaleva Irina Lyubomudrov Sergey Lyubomudrow@yandex.ru Romanov Pavel umo@spbstu.ru Automation of technological preparation of production in single-unit and small-batch manufacturing We have described a model of automation of technological preparation of production in single-unit and small-batch manufacturing. The model described allows to estimate the optimal technical route for processing a batch of components, production time, variable costs, optimal technological parameters of processing, to form a nomenclature and the number of necessary means of production, to manage warehouse stocks. Simulation is performed based on mathematical models for warehouse stock management (a combined model) and for determining the value of variable costs and the standard operational time. The definition of optimal variance is based on multicriteria analysis using the method of ideal point by three parameters: amount of variable costs, production time and duration of production. 10.18721/JEST.240111 65.011.56 Automation of production means of technological equipment cutting modes technological route of processing mechanical workshop https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.11/ 11.pdf

RAR RUS 122-129 Babanin Nikolai Dynamic-damping hydraulic suspension system The object of the study is an original hydraulic suspension system with dynamic damping (DDHS) which suppresses resonant frequencies by using modern (inert) components such as silicone oil and Nitrogen gas with automatic regulation of pressure in the gas chamber. A calculation of the installation was carried out in order to determine whether it can effectively influence the mobile energy suspension with the DDHS system to improve the operator's traffic conditions and the main technical indicators (performance, reliability, economy, ergonomics. Based on the theoretical frequency characteristics obtained, conclusions are drawn about improving the conditions of motion of the operator. It was found that it is possible to suppress unfavorable frequencies by deflecting them to the off-resonance region; a reduction of these frequencies by 27,7 % was observed, due to dissipative properties of silicone oil, which provides stable performance. 10.18721/JEST.240112 62-529 Suspension hydraulic system resonant frequencies reliability performance safety https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.12/ 12.pdf

RAR RUS 130-140 Arsentyeva Xenia xenia.ars@gmail.com Mamutov Viacheslav vmamutov@mail.ru Dynamic strain hardening curve in simulation of electro-hydraulic sheet metal forming using ls-dyna® The article presents an investigation of the influence that variation of the parameters of a dynamic strain hardening curve has on the calculation error in electro-hydraulic impulse metal drawing. Finite-element LS-DYNA 971 code was used. Computer simulation in this study was carried out for 0.24 mm-thick CuZn33 brass sheet blank under free drawing into a die 60 mm in diameter. We have investigated the influence of the type of quasi-static strain hardening curve. We have considered two different techniques of obtaining the curves: the tensile test method and the method of repeatedly rolled metal strip with different degrees of deformation. Moreover, we have considered methods of approximating the strain hardening curve and methods of obtaining the approximation coefficients for computer calculations. We have also estimated the error of taking into account dynamic hardening with a constant dynamic coefficient in comparison with using the Cowper-Symonds functional dependence. 10.18721/JEST.240113 621.7.044 Electro-hydraulic sheet metal drawing finite-element software ls-dyna 971 quasi-static strain hardening curve type allowance of the dynamic hardening constant dynamic coefficient cowper-symonds relation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.13/ 13.pdf

RAR RUS 141-153 Hoodorozhkov Sergey xcu-55@mail.ru. Porshnev Gennadiy ptc.enmf@mail.ru Zachlebaev Evgenii e-zakhlebaev@polytechncm.com Simulation of torsion oscillations in the transmissions of wheel and crawler machines using the mathworks simscape environment The paper describes the procedure of theoretical investigations of dynamic processes in transmissions of transport and traction machines, in particular, torsional vibrations in a gear box of the K-744 tractor using modern software products. We used the MATHWORKS SIMSCAPE environment to develop algorithms tailored for engineering applications, providing a considerable reduction in computing. As an example, we have calculated an automated transmission aggregated with the ЯМЗ-5362 engine whose torque has a disturbing external influence and in certain conditions contributes to the emergence of resonance oscillations in the transmission. We have analyzed the simulation results of the engine–transmission system in the SIMSCAPE environment under testing load conditions. We have confirmed that the proposed algorithms are effective in comparison with alternative versions of the calculations. 10.18721/JEST.240114 621.85 Tractor gear box torsional oscillations internal combustion engine torque external disturbance natural frequencies resonance modeling mathworks https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.14/ 14.pdf

RAR RUS 154-166 Artiukh Viktor Nikitchenko Andrei LLC ‘Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical Company’ Mazur Vladlen Chigareva Irina Chernysheva Nataliia Tests of self-tightening nuts in rail joint fastening knots Development and deployment of self-braking and self-tightening nuts providing lack of gaps in connections is an important way of increasing the reliability of rail fastening assemblies in both main and inside railway tracks. We have experimentally assessed the functional qualities of self-tightening nuts developed by Agropromimpeks-2000 LLC. The goal of the paper is to confirm experimentally that the power condition of self-tightening is the existence of preliminary tightening of the nut with a certain effort depending generally on preliminary tightness; the geometrical condition of self-tightening is in creating such a configuration of the nut that the moment on its bearing area after removal of initial tightness exceeds the moment in the threaded connection; the operational condition of self-tightening is the existence of deformations of certain size. We have also evaluated the influence of power consumption of a node on nut self-tightening. The studied nut is recognized as promising for both main and industrial railways. 10.18721/JEST.240115 625.143.4:621.882.3-592.356 Nut rail joint threaded connection self-tightening pre-tightening deformation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.103.15/ 15.pdf