https://www.elibrary.ru/title_about_new.asp?i 2782-6724 24 2 2018 1-207

RAR RUS 10-21 Fedorov Mihail M.Fedorov@spbstu.ru Krivosheev Mikhail mvkrivos@yandex.ru Non-carbon energy as a possible direction of developing the energy sector of ST. Petersburg and the Leningrad region Fulfilling the obligations of the countries participating in the UN Climate Change Conference is expected to be achieved through developing energy sources that do not use hydrocarbons resulting in the accumulation of greenhouse gases. The article considers the possibility of minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region by the second half of the 21st century, while maintaining the production of electricity and heat at a level sufficient to sustain the region. The article uses the results of assessments of the region's need for electrical and thermal energy for the future and considers hypothetical scenarios for the development of the region's energy sector, taking into account the need to cover annual and daily loads. It is shown that with the expansion of the currently modernized LNPP to 6-7 units, using its energy for electricity and heat, as well as the potential of renewable energy sources in the region and local hydrocarbons, it is possible to reduce hydrocarbon consumption by 4-5 times and, accordingly, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We have identified the tasks that should be solved in order to implement the proposed concept. 10.18721/JEST.240201 620.9 Ccarbonless energy St. Petersburg Leningrad region hydrocarbon fuel consumption schedules renewable energy sources nuclear power plant https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.1/ 1.pdf

RAR RUS 22-29 EKRA Research and Production Enterprise Ltd Sedoykin Dmitrii barbudoss@yandex.ru Urganov Alexey aaurganov@gmail.com. An adaptive automatic excitation regulator based on fuzzy approximation operating with an under-excited generator Digital implementation of control systems made it possible to improve the quality and reliability of power supply through more sophisticated algorithms for regulating the excitation of synchronous generators. A promising direction of development of automatic excitation control systems is the development of adaptive system stabilizers for effective damping of electromechanical oscillations in power systems. One of the options for solving the problem of adaptive control is to adjust the system stabilizer with the help of a fuzzy approximator. The fuzzy approximator, depending on the parameters of the power system, determines the optimum coefficients of the stabilization channels for excess power and the speed deviation of the power unit. It is especially important to ensure the optimum tuning of the system stabilizer in the under-excitation mode. The article shows that the regularities connecting the optimum coefficients of the automatic voltage regulator and the system stabilizer with the parameters of the power system selected in normal generator modes are also valid for the under-excitation mode. 10.18721/JEST.240202 621.311, 621.313 Synchronous machines excitation control underexcitation mode power system stabilizer damping of electromechanical oscillations adaptive excitation regulator https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.2/ 2.pdf

RAR RUS 30-43 Trinchenko Aleksei trinchenko@mail.ru AAU-2845-2020 56042381200 0000-0002-6289-325X Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Sergeev Vitaly vitaly.sergeev@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Kadyrov Marsel Porshneva Elena a_porshneva@mail.ru Paramonov Aleksandr papamon@mail.ru St. Petersburg institute of technology (technical university) Urvantcev Vladimir vladimir-urvancev@rambler.ru Development and research of a steam generator furnace structure for hydrolytic lignin burning The paper presents the results of the study on the feasibility of using combustible wastes from the wood processing industry for energy purposes. We have established that efficient combustion of hydrolytic lignin, which is a waste of biochemical production, is possible in the furnace of the boiler. Based on the low-temperature swirl combustion method, a furnace structure has been developed that is characterized by reliability, simplicity and allows minimizing costs during the reconstruction, modernization or new construction of power plants. In order to confirm compliance with the current requirements for the protection of the air basin from harmful gaseous pollutants, a quantitative assessment of the nitrogen oxide emission level under low-temperature swirl combustion was performed for the TP-35U boiler of the biochemical plant using the developed methodology, algorithm and calculation program. Numerical studies of the combustion process for the model of the boiler reconstructed confirmed the high technical, economic and environmental indicators of the proposed method. Involving lignin in the energy balance, in turn, frees up the territories occupied by waste, eliminates dumps, and improves the natural environment. 10.18721/JEST.240203 621.181:622.612 Energetics fuel furnace combustion gas-pollutaneous pollutants numerical simulation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.3/ 3.pdf

RAR RUS 44-57 8840090300 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Borovkov Alexey

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Voynov Igor B. voinov@compmechlab.com Galerkin Yuriy galerkin@pef.spbstu.ru Smolensk state agricultural academy Nikiforov Aleksandr G. nikiforof@mail.ru Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Nikitin Maksim Issues of gas dynamic characteristics modeling on the example of the centrifugal compressor model stage The paper presents the results of CFD calculations of a centrifugal compressor stage with a high-pressure 3D impeller and a vaneless diffuser. The stage was designed by Simonov at the LPI Problem laboratory of compressors for the design parameters: flow rate coefficient 0.080, loading factor 0,74, and the relative Mach number 0,78. Two design grids were used: 2,4 and 4,4 million cells for the sector with one blade. The entire stage was calculated with a rarer grid. Special «Stage» interface conditions were used to interface gas-dynamic parameters at the region boundary. The SST turbulence model was used in the calculations. The results of efficiency characteristics and work coefficient comparison showed the following: all three variants of the calculation overestimate the loading factor by 14,3 % in design flow rate; the calculated characteristics of the polytropic work coefficient in the staging of 360 degrees are closest to the experimental characteristics, but the absolute value is greater than 12% at a flow rate coefficient of 0.085; the maximum calculated efficiency of a stage (the circle of 360 degrees) is almost equal to the measured maximum efficiency. 10.18721/JEST.240204 621.515 CFD-calculation centrifugal compressor 3d impeller efficiency loading factor https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.4/ 4.pdf

RAR RUS 58-68 Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Kotlov Andreii «Compressor» Kuznetsov Yurii The influence of suction window parameters on the integrated characteristics of a screw compressor Different tasks and problems have to be solved during the design of screw machines; they cover the search for the most effective and reliable design solutions, connected with organizing the working process, the choice of flow path design variations, strength calculation of mechanical parts and choice of constructional materials. We have considered increasing the effectiveness of the suction process by means of sucked in gas kinetic head. To achieve this, the time span, during which the suction window connects the suction chamber with the twin cavity when the twin screw tooth has completely left it, has to be equal to shock wave duration running from discharge face to suction face. The influence of the rotor length to rotor diameter ratio and of the opening angle of the suction window on the integrated characteristics of the compressor are studied. The calculation of the working process in the compressor was performed by means of mathematical modeling. The obtained results show that the coefficient of capacity variation could reach 5 %. Increasing the opening angle of the suction window causes leakages to grow between the compression cavity and the suction chamber, which could reach 20 %. 10.18721/JEST.240205 621.514.54 Screw compressor mathematical modeling integral characteristics suction process pressure https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.5/ 5.pdf

RAR RUS 69-81 Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power of Russian Academy of Sciences Kurakina Natalia nkuriee@gmail.com Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power of Russian Academy of sciences Pinchuk Mikhail Institut for Electrophysics and Electroenergetics RAS Budin Aleksandr Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Smirnovsky Alexander Frolov Vladimir Numerical simulation using OPENFOAM of gas-dynamics in the discharge chamber with a movable electrode The study investigates gas-dynamics in the working volume of an experimental stand of the discharge chamber with a movable electrode for the purpose of developing arc systems. The free opensource OpenFOAM package connected with swak4foam is used for numerical simulation. Some model assumptions are formulated. The gas is injected into the chamber due to the difference in pressure at the initial supersonic velocities. The task is solved in the continuum mechanics approximation. The movable contact moves due to the pressure of the gas supplied to the chamber. The methods of creating a three-dimensional model with a dynamic mesh are described in detail. The study gives the time dependences of pressure, velocity, temperature in the region where the arc discharge develops for different inlet pressures, as well as the time-dependency of the moving contact velocity on arc ignition time. Numerical simulation shows the mechanism of pressure equalization in the working volume and achieving the piston velocity necessary for effective arc quenching in the range of 20–25 m/s by the time moment of 4 ms with the inlet gas pressure of 2–3 MPa. 10.18721/JEST.240206 533 Numerical simulation gas-dynamics OpenFOAM swak4foam dynamic mesh arc quenching https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.6/ 6.pdf

RAR RUS 82-93 Vu Quang B-7916-2013 6601971248 0000-0002-1173-8727 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Korovkin Nikolay nikolay.korovkin@gmail.com

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

A method for minimization of unbalanced mode in three-phase power systems using genetic algorthim This paper presents a new approach to developing an efficient means of minimizing the unbalanced mode in three-phase power supply systems for industrial and civil facilities. The approach is applied to the test task and to the problem of symmetrization of 10/0.4 kV distribution networks of a glass factory. The approach is based on the symmetrization of the three-phase system by introducing several single-phase devices with a controlled reactance. We have developed an original method for finding the locations of these devices in the system and an algorithm for controlling their reactance. It is shown that this approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the variable component of instantaneous power in the entire system using only 2–4 compensators in systems with a significant mutual influence of loads and relatively weak asymmetry. With a weak mutual influence of load modes on each other and significant unbalance of loads, the proposed approach allows to reduce the power of the symmetrization devices by at least a third. 10.18721/JEST.240207 621.316 Three-phase system devices with controlled reactivity symmetrization genetic algorithm https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.7/ 7.pdf

RAR RUS 94-103 Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Kalimov Alexander Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Pavel Nalimov Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Svetlana Gorbunova Pole shape optimization in multipole magnets The paper has considered an efficient method of pole shape optimization in multipole magnets to provide the given distribution of the magnetic flux density. The main idea of the proposed method is based representing the field characteristics in the form of a Fourier series and consequent compensation of undesired magnetic field harmonics by proper deformation of the pole tip surface. Fast convergence and observed robustness of the optimization procedure is explained by a strong correlation between the coefficients of the Fourier expansions for the magnetic flux density in the central part of the magnet and specific parameters used to describe the pole tip shape. The developed algorithm is integrated into computer software for simulating the magnetic field using the finite element technology developed for computing different types of electromagnetic systems. 10.18721/JEST.240208 621.3.013.22 Magnetic field quadrupole magnet optimization charged particle accelerator Newton-Rafson method https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.8/ 8.pdf

RAR RUS 104-118 Vologda State University, head of the department Shichkov Aleksandr Vologda State University Bormosov Nikolay Vologda State University Belousova Viktoria Engineering decisions of the management by secondary cooling the machines continuous casting of steel The study subject is relevant because the management accounting approach has to be introduced to organization of production, allowing to make innovative decisions for improving the consumer properties of steel slabs in continuous casting machines. The goal of the study is to develop the technical tools for implementing an adaptive control system for management accounting in the zone of the secondary cooling system. The task of the study is to design a construction and manufacturing technology for spray guns (nozzles) based on powder metallurgy, ensuring the necessary dispersion of the liquid. Full-scale and laboratory-scale experimental investigations were used as a method allowing to make informed decisions. A set of nozzles has been sold to an enterprise. The adaptive method of control in manufacturing-technological systems is used as the basic one in management accounting. Further studies will be directed to use these results in technologies of others industries. 10.18721/JEST.240209 669.02/09 Machine continuous casting of steel zone of secondary cooling management accounting consumer properties of slab powder metallurgy spray gun (nozzles) https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.9/ 9.pdf

RAR RUS 119-133 Shvecov Oleg shvec_off@mail.ru A-9655-2014 7007045735 0000-0001-7385-147X Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Kondrat'ev Sergey petroprom2013@yandex.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Effect of quenching and aging modes on the performance properties of the ВТ23 alloy We have investigated different modes of quenching and aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the titanium alloy VT23. It is shown that the best combination of mechanical properties of the alloy is obtained after thermal treatment in the following regime: quenching from 850 °C with 1 hour exposure and cooling in water, followed by aging at 550°C for 10 hours. Such thermal treatment allows to obtain a homogeneous globular (a + b) -structure in the alloy and achieve a combination of mechanical properties providing high strength, fluidity, toughness, and hence relaxation resistance, combined with sufficient ductility and fracture toughness. 10.18721/JEST.240210 669.017:669.295:621.785:620.18 Titanium alloy quenching and aging mechanical properties microstructure fracture toughness https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.10/ 10.pdf

RAR RUS 134-139 Demidov Alexander ph-chem@ftim.spbstu.ru Thermodynamic characteristics of a quasi-binary system of CaO – Si1/2O in the solid state The paper presents the results of calculating the change in the standard Gibbs energies in the reactions of calcium oxide with silicon dioxide in the solid state when recording the composition of oxides and compounds per mol of oxygen atoms in the 298,15 ³ T ³ 1800 K temperature range. The maximum change in the standard Gibbs energy was observed for the reaction of formation of Ca0,500(Si1,2)0,500O, which is the most durable compound in the CaO – Si1,2O system (m.p. 2403 K), from oxides. The minimum temperature of the stable chemical compound Ca0,600(Si1,2)0,400O based on the calculated thermodynamic data is 1,610 K. 10.18721/JEST.240211 536 Gibbs free energy enthalpy calcium oxide silicon dioxide silicates of calcium thermodinamics https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.11/ 11.pdf

RAR RUS 140-148 Gorynin Vladimir z1dehy97@mail.wplus.net JSC "Atomproekt" Rogozhkin Vladimir Lalin Vladimir Ashurbek Turkboev Design features of condenser blocks for production of natural fresh water The requirements for the design and operation of equipment for large-size W-Condenser units for the production of natural fresh water of rainwater quality from atmospheric maritime moist air in large volumes are considered. The principles of choice of structural materials are recommended, which ensure high corrosion resistance and serviceability of water-to-air heat exchangers during long-term operation. Technical requirements for materials of equipment and pipe systems are formulated with the purpose of working out a unified technological cycle for the production of clean water, which ensures the productivity and resource of the condenser unit. The most promising construction materials for the manufacture of environmentally friendly heat exchange equipment and capacitors for W-Condenser blocks produced by natural fresh water from atmospheric moist air in the seas and oceans are substantiated. 10.18721/JEST.240212 620.22:669.018:658.512:628.1:621.398 Large-sized block W-Condenser production of natural fresh water from atmospheric moist air construction materials and technical requirements resource of W-Condenser unit https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.12/ 12.pdf

RAR RUS 149-160 J.S.C. "Kompozit" Elakov Alexander e_zann@mail.ru

4, Pionerskaya str., Korolev Moscow region, Russia, 141070

Turusov Robert Bogachev Eugeniy Sergeev Andrey Simulation of the stress-strain state in non-woven fabric winding onto a cylindrical mandrel Fibrous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is the most widespread carbon fiber precursor. Kompozit JSC has developed a technique to fabricate a porous carbon preform that is a composite material base wherein a reinforcing carbon preform will be made out of needle-punched non-woven oxidized PAN, with subsequent pressing and a series of heat treatments. A cylindrical reinforcing preform can be shaped by pre-winding and compacting non-woven PAN-fabric using two processes. The present paper gives an analytical model for winding the fabric onto the mandrel using both of the above processes, as well as presents experimental and theoretical data for the estimation of the stress-strain state made for each fabric winding process. The analysis has been given of the results obtained. 10.18721/JEST.240213 678.5/8:539.5 Non-woven materials oxidized polyacrylonitrile needle-punching stress-strain state winding mandrel growing solid mechanics elastic anisotropy https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.13/ 13.pdf

RAR RUS 161-171 Arsentyeva Xenia xenia.ars@gmail.com Mamutov Viacheslav vmamutov@mail.ru Computer simulation of drawing spherical parts from thin sheet metal Computer models of the quasi-static rigid-die and electrohydroimpulse sheet metal drawing processes have been developed in the LS-DYNA finite-element complex. The applicability of the proposed impulse pressure law for simulation was shown. A comparative evaluation of quasi-static rigid-die and electrohydroimpulse sheet metal forming processes was carried out. Moreover, estimation of the main factors leading to defect occurrence during electrohydroimpulse sheet metal drawing was done. Total impulse duration, relative pressure increase time and impulse amplitude were varied in the simulation of impulse drawing. Thus, estimation of the spherical die filling rate, wrinkling and cracking tendencies and the influence of the recoil effect on sheet metal blank dimensions were carried out by finite-element analysis. As a result, the most favorable impulse pressure parameters were determined. These parameters contribute to spherical die filling and reducing the probability of occurrence of different defects. 10.18721/JEST.240214 621.7.044 Electro-hydraulic sheet metal drawing quasi-static sheet metal drawing finite-element software LS-DYNA 971 impulse pressure deformation parameters https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.14/ 14.pdf

RAR RUS 172-181 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Vasilev Ivan Bortyakov Danil Technique of synthesis and research of a boom device with a specified path of cargo This paper presents a technique of synthesis of the boom system with a predetermined path of the cargo on the ropes at changing span distance. A mathematical model has been developed that allows performing geometric, kinematic and force analysis of the boom device. In the part of force analysis, a system of loads is designed, fully taking into account all their directions and combinations. This model is fully parameterized and is suitable for a wide range of cranes. Output data of such a model are sufficient for designing a hoisting machine as a whole and its elements. The law of motion of the control element of the mechanism for departure change is obtained, under which the load moves uniformly. Three variants of the boom device scheme and two variants of the modification of the departure mechanism are considered. The capacities of the two variants of the change in the departure mechanism are determined, which makes it possible to analyze the variants considered. 10.18721/JEST.240215 621.875.56 Hinged-balanced boom device derricking mechanism mathematical model predetermined cargo path force analysis power of derricking mechanism balancer crane https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.15/ 15.pdf

RAR RUS 182-198 Bolshev Аleksandr Blagovidova Irina Pianov Andrei Mathematical modeling of the installation of spans on the crimean bridge The article discusses the stages of design and implementation of marine operations connected with the installation of the spans on the Crimean Bridge. Mathematical modeling methodology using the Anchored Structures software is described. Examples of previously executed projects using this software are presented. The stages, which consisted of the marine operation to install the spans for the Crimean Bridge, are given. The extreme external natural conditions under which it is necessary to ensure the safety of marine operations are described. The limitations that were taken into account at the design stage are listed. The arrangement of the positioning systems developed to perform various stages of the operation is described. The parameters of the positioning system elements obtained by mathematical modeling of the designed marine operations are presented. The implementation of marine operations for installing spans on the Crimean Bridge is described and the conclusion about the coincidence of the estimated parameters with the data obtained during field observations on the execution of marine operations is presented. 10.18721/JEST.240216 624.21, 627.034 Mathematical modeling design marine operations positioning system bridge span Crimean Bridge https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.16/ 16.pdf

PER RUS 199-206 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru Firsova Elena Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov: president of the Academy of sciences (on the occasion of his 160TH birth anniversary) His essay is dedicated to the life and diverse activities of grand duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (1858–1915), a member of the House of Romanov, grandson of Emperor of Russia Nicholas I. From 1889 to 1915, Konstantin Romanov served as President of the Imperial (St. Petersburg) Academy of sciences. Не was one of the most successful presidents of the Academy. Over the 25 years of his presidency, he did much to strengthen the physical and financial foundation of the Academy, expand museums, and organize expeditions. A new building for the Library of the Academy of Sciences was constructed and the Pushkin House was set up during his presidency. While being President of the Academy of Sciences, Konstantin Konstantinovich continued to serve in the army and was chairman, trustee or honorary member of dozens of societies and educational institutions. He was a well-educated person and also possessed poetic talent. 10.18721/JEST.240217 51/53(051) Romanov grand duke president of Academy of sciences poet K.R. belles-lettres section Pushkin House https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.104.17/ 17.pdf