Global Energy

REV RUS 6-21 Sarkisov Ashot sarkisov@ibrae.ac.ru Antipov Sergey santipov@ibrae.ac.ru Bilashenko Kobrinsky Mikhail Strategic planning and its application in solving complex engineering and technical problems We have considered the strategic approach to solving large-scale multidisciplinary problems, the features and methodology of the key procedures of project-oriented planning. The sequence of such planning stages and the specifics of each stage are illustrated by the example of developing a strategic plan to solve one of the most difficult problems in the field of radiation safety, which is the Strategic Master Plan (SMP) for Recycling and Environmental Rehabilitation of decommissioned nuclear fleet and service infrastructure in the North-West region of Russia. We have provided data on the status of this problem for the time when the functions of the state customer and coordinator of work were transferred to the Ministry for Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation. We have presented the main results of the current development and implementation of the SMP, outlining directions for further possible application of the strategic planning methodology in the field of radiation safety. 10.18721/JEST.240301 621.039.58 complex problems strategic planning master plan work breakdown structure project prioritization multivariate analysis program management information system https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.1/ 1_Sarkisov.pdf

RAR RUS 22-37 Ramadan Amer Elistratov Victor elistratov@cef.spbstu.ru Modeling and control of a grid_connected wind energy conversion system with doubly fed induction generator The wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in the modern wind energy industry. DFIG is an asynchronous generator with a wounded rotor, in which the rotor circuit can be controlled by external devices to achieve variable speed operation. The study focused on simulation of a gridconnected wind turbine with DFIG in MATLAB for analyzing and studying the principles and operation modes. Models (subsystems) of all electric power elements of a wind energy conversion system with DFIG were developed using ready and newly created subsystems in MATLAB. The main operating modes (supersynchronous and sub-synchronous modes) of a grid-connected wind turbine with DFIG were described when the wind speed changes. The stator voltage-oriented control (SVOC) was used to control the rotor-side converter, and voltage oriented control (VOC) was used to control the grid-side converter. In addition, pitch angle control and DFIG synchronization to the grid were implemented in the modeling. The results of the study showed that the given wind turbine with DFIG allows adjusting the rotational speed of the generator from (0.67 pu) to (1,15 pu) when the slip changes from the sub-synchronous mode (+0,33) to the supersynchronous mode (–0,15). Thus, wind energy is converted effectively. 10.18721/JEST.240302 621.31 wind turbine doubly fed induction generator operation mode MATLAB subsystem model wind speed control supersynchronous subsynchronous https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.2/ 2_Ramadan.pdf

REP RUS 38-44 Shaburov Fedyukhin Ippolitov Calculation of operating modes for municipal solid waste gasification unit In this study we have assessed the ecological map of the Leningrad Oblast' and reviewed the existing normative documents. It is shown, that the ratio of processed wastes does not exceed 5–10 % of the total material amount, which is a low degree of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling. We have established that using MSW as a fuel for thermal and electrical energy production helps save traditional fuel types, as well as reduces greenhouse gas emission. We have found that waste gasification is the most perspective method for thermal utilization. Aspens Plus software was used to perform gasification unit parameter modeling. The total efficiency of thermal and electrical energy production was 70,5 %. 10.18721/JEST.240303 621.9 gasification municipal solid waste waste processing production of thermal and electrical energy Aspen Plus https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.3/ 3_Fedyuhin.pdf

RAR RUS 45-55 Savchenko Erankin Skulkin Sergey ECONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL WATER SUPPLY OF RIKLINSKAYA The paper reviews the options of reconstruction of the operating system of technical water supply of Iriklinskaya GRES with the construction of a group of cooling towers. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the annual increase in a payment for use of water objects that are in federal ownership entered into force in 2015. In order to effectively spend the enterprise's money, a decision of reconstruction has been made, with the purpose of increasing the volume of recycled water. The option for rational placement of water intake constructions and cooling towers has been offered. We have presented the results of thermal calculations for joint operation of the system of technical water supply and power units. The most effective reconstruction option has been chosen based on technical and economic comparison. 10.18721/JEST.240304 621.175.3 system of technical water supply reconstruction natural draft cooling towers mechanical cooling tower water reuse https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.4/ 4_Savchenko.pdf

RAR RUS 56-67 Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Kotlov Andreii Effect of the parameters of the annular valve on the processes of suction and injection of reciprocating compressors Ensuring efficient and reliable operation of gas distribution systems of piston machines is one of the most important problems in design, manufacturing and operation of compressor equipment. Self-acting valves have a significant impact on the efficiency and reliability of a reciprocating compressor. The task of designing and calculating valves is to find the optimal parameters providing minimal pressure losses when the gas flows through the valve and its high reliability. The theoretical study of the operation of a ring valve with several locking elements is performed at different values of spring stiffness and maximum valve travel. Dependences of pressure losses in a suction and discharge valve and the diagram of movement of valve plates depending on the angle of the crankshaft rotation and variable parameters of the valves are given. The study was carried out using a numerical experiment on a specially developed computer program with the possibility of multiparameter calculation. 10.18721/JEST.240305 621.512 reciprocating compressor self-acting valve annular valve economy reliability https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.5/ 5_Kotlov.pdf

RAR RUS 68-79 Zyssin Leonid lv_zyssin@mail.ru Steshenkov Leonid steshenkov@spbstu.ru Some issues in heat transfer of wet_steam cooling of gas turbines The interest in steam cooling makes it urgent to consider the specific features of heat exchange of water vapor and humidified air, previously performed in connection with the cooling tasks of gas turbines. Regarding the task of using wet and saturated steam to cool the gas turbine blade system, possible cooling modes are considered for motion of humidified flows in flat channels. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, possible physical models of heat and mass transfer processes are proposed. We have discussed the conditions under which the maximum values of heat transfer can be obtained, in particular, for GTUs operating autonomously, where there is no steam generation in the thermal scheme, and the possibility of using air with dispersed moisture as a cooling agent instead of wet steam. 10.18721/JEST.240306 536+669 gas turbines moisturized flow wet steam temperature factor enhancement of heat transfer flow regimes liquid layer https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.6/ 6_Steshenkov.pdf

RAR RUS 80-90 Krivonosova Victoriya v.v.krivonosova@gmail.com Kortikov Nikolay n-kortikov@yandex.ru Analysis and improvement of the cooling system of a gas turbine nozzle vane 10.18721/JEST.240307 532.529:536.24 high-temperature gas turbine nozzle vane convective-film cooling system numerical simulation pattern matrix heat transter intensification https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.7/ 7_Kortikov.pdf

RAR RUS 91-101 Shishigin Sergey ctod28@vologda.ru Cherepanov Shishigin Simulation of grounding system in soil with frequency-dependent specific conductivity Specific conductivity of soil depends on frequency that must be taken into account in calculations of impulse processes in grounding systems under lightning current. The Fourier method currently does not require modification of the standard model of the grounding system, but the scope of its applications is limited by linear problems, and difficulties with the causality principle may arise. We have developed a timediscrete model of a grounding system in soil with arbitrary frequency-dependent complex specific conductivity, suitable for calculations of impulse transient processes using standard methods in time domain. It is shown on numerical examples that overvoltage impulses in grounding systems, which are located in high-resistance soil with frequency-dependent parameters, are significantly smoothed and attenuated under the influence of current impulses with short front and short duration. 10.18721/JEST.240308 621.316.99 soil specific conductivity frequency-dependence grounding system discrete model impulse processes discrete circuits method Vlach method https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.8/ 8_Shishigin.pdf

RAR RUS 102-113 Porokhov Erankin Development of technical solutions for the transfer of Vyborgskaya CHPP-17 The costs for the using water from natural sources grow from year to year, which makes it expedient to transfer a straight-through system of technical water supply to a circulating system, using cooling towers, to reuse water. In addition, the construction of a circulating water system gives significant growth of usable power by eliminating the power limits connected to water protection regulations. We have analyzed the operation of the existing technical water supply system based on the data provided by Vyborg CHPP-17 for 2016–2017. Several reconstruction options with application of different numbers of mechanical draft cooling towers have been developed. Three types of cooling tower fill have been considered from the standpoint of their optimal economic usage. The influence of temperature increase on the operation mode of equipment and fuel efficiency has been studied. The most effective option of reconstruction of the technical water supply system was determined. 10.18721/JEST.240309 621.311.22 system of technical water supply reconstruction mechanical draft cooling tower fill limitation of power reconstruction options https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.9/ 9_Porohov.pdf

RAR RUS 114-125 Nguyen An anquang12a1@mail.ru Lapshin Kirill kirill.lapschin@gmail.com To the question of the rational design of turbine stages with tangential inclination of guide blades In this article, we have explored the influence of methods for rational design of turbine stages with tangential inclination of guide blades on the characteristics and flow structure. We have constructed calculation models for three turbine stages with tangential inclination of guide blades. 3D-testing gasdynamic calculations were performed in the ANSYS CFX software package. We have constructed graphs for the efficiency, the degrees of reactivity at the root and at the periphery depending on the parameter. The distributions of flow parameters (flow angles, the coefficient of kinetic energy losses for the guide vanes and the impeller, outlet velocity ) have been given by blade height. The calculation results between three turbine stages have been compared. The conclusion about the influence of methods of rational design of turbine stages with tangential inclination of guide blades on the characteristics and flow structure has been given. 10.18721/JEST.240310 621.438.001.2 turbine stage tangential inclination of guide vanes methods of rational design kinetic energy losses degree of reactivity ANSYS CFX https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.10/ 10_Nguen.pdf

RAR RUS 126-138 Ivanov Evgenii Zharkovskiy Alexandr Borshchev Increase of hydraulic efficiency and pulsation characteristics of multistage centrifugal pumps A method for calculating the H-Q, η-Q characteristics of a multistage pump is considered in this paper. The results of the calculation and experiment agree well. A feature of CNS pumps is a small gap between the impeller and diffuser blades. In this case, the non-stationary approach gives the best results. Optimization has been carried out for stator blades, increasing the efficiency of the pump by 3,8 %. The method proposed by Sobol and Stanikov for exploring the parameter space was used in optimization. Calculation of pulsations of radial force has been performed for the pump rotor. The calculation shows that the amplitude of the force decreases with increasing clearance. 10.18721/JEST.240311 621.671.001.024 centrifugal pump flow part design digital modeling characteristics optimization https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.11/ 11_Borshchev.pdf

RAR RUS 139-152 Salam A Abed Jassim F Al Drajy Bahrami Mohammad Numerical investigation of a rotary_bearing system with a single crack using harmonic analysis Cracks in rotors are not only important from a practical and economic point of view, but they also show interesting dynamics. This article shows the effect of the crack model on the response of the Jeffcott rotor model with the offset disc and bearing support flexibility using the ANSYS harmonic balance approach. Dynamic coefficients of stiffness and damping of plain bearings in the form of matrices were found using MATLAB. An analysis of the response to the imbalance was carried out with a change in imbalance mass, and a maximum rotor response was then found for each imbalance mass for the case when the depth of the crack was 10 mm. The main reason for analyzing the dynamics of the fracture rotor is to help engineers find a good design, also the possibility of finding the critical speed, the response to imbalance and the stability of the system. 10.18721/JEST.240312 621 rotor dynamics cracked rotor single crack critical speed unbalance response stability https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.12/ 12_Abed.pdf

RAR RUS 153-175 8840090300 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Borovkov Alexey

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Voynov Igor B. voinov@compmechlab.com Peter the Great St. Petersburg polytechnic university Nikitin Maksim Galerkin Yuriy galerkin@pef.spbstu.ru Rekstin Drozdov Alexandr A_drozdi@mail.ru Performance modeling for a single-stage pipeline centrifugal compressor The object of CFD calculations is a 1:2 model of a 32 MW single-stage pipeline compressor. The calculated efficiency and pressure coefficient characteristics are compared with the characteristics measured at the test rig of the design’s ordering customer. Comparative calculations are made for three interfaces coupling the flow parameters of the rotating impeller to those of the stationary diffuser. Two of the interfaces treat the flow as steady. The third interface represents the performance characteristics taking into account the periodic unsteadiness. Four turbulence models are compared. The calculations of geometric models with the number of cells differing by two times are compared. The geometric model in one of the calculation variants includes a gap between the body and the shroud of the impeller. The calculation with the unsteady state and flow in the gap between the body and the gap taken into account leads to better agreement between the calculated and measured characteristics. The results of modeling are not satisfactory anyway. 10.18721/JEST.240313 621.515 CFD calculation centrifugal compressor radial impeller efficiency theoretical pressure coefficient turbulence model https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.13/ 13_Voynov.pdf

RAR RUS 176-187 Razumova Romashkin Kolpishon D-3061-2012 7003918449 0000-0001-9623-4001 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Tolochko Oleg

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Dub Effect of additions of lanthanum hexaboride nanoparticles on the cast structure of high_chromium steels of austenite and martensitic classes, deoxidized with aluminum and silicon The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of using lanthanum hexaboride nanoparticles as a modifier of high-chromium austenite and martensitic steels for the purpose of obtaining the finer cast structure and changing the nature of the nonmetallic phase. The samples were melted in a Tamann furnace. Optical microscopy and X-ray microspectral analysis were used to study the chemical composition, macroand microstructure of the obtained ingots, and to analyze non-metallic inclusions. It was found that the introduction of nanoparticles of lanthanum hexaboride leads to obtaining of the finer dendritic structure of steels of both classes. The addition of lanthanum hexaboride can be an efficient way of introducing boron into high-chromium steels, including nitrogen-containing ones. It was shown, that the introduction of boron in the form of lanthanum hexaboride prevents the formation of tertiary boron nitrides located along the boundaries of the dendrites. 10.18721/JEST.240314 669.15 194.55: 669.15 194.56 lanthanum hexaboride high-chromium steel austenitic steel martensitic steel modification https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.14/ 14_Razumova.pdf

RAR RUS 188-196 Tyurikova Demidov Alexander ph-chem@ftim.spbstu.ru Temperature effect on the properties of a Fe3O4–mannite–water system We have studied oxidizability of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the solution of the mannitol stabilizer at temperatures below and above its melting point (166 C) and of unstabilized particles. The addition of mannitol as stabilizer into a magnetic Fe3O4 fluid shifts the degradation temperature of the fluid upward. It was shown that at 160 C the protective film created by mannitol prevents nanoparticles from active oxidation. At temperatures above 240 C, Fe3O4 oxidizes to Fe2O3 and Fe21.34O32 due to melting of mannitol and its decomposition to mannose and galactose sugars. The results of these studies are interesting and important for synthesis of general magnetic nanoparticles with a wide range of practical applications and for processes with heat treatment of mannitol-stabilized magnetite particles. 10.18721/JEST.240315 621.762.01 66 971 mannitol magnetite Fe2O3 Fe3O4 thermal analysis mannose galactose oxidation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.15/ 15_Tyurikova.pdf

RAR RUS 197-211 Ivanov Boris I. b.i.ivanov@mail.ru The role of St. Petersburg scientists of the XVIII–XIX century in the development of electromachinery Major scientists and engineers who had made significant contributions to the development of electrical engineering worked in St. Petersburg in the XVIII and XIX centuries. This article discusses the contribution of scientists of St. Petersburg to the development of electrical engineering during the period when the city was the capital. In the XVIII century it was professor Richman and adjunct professor Lomonosov, who studied atmospheric electricity. At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the XIX century it was V.V. Petrov, who worked at the Medical and Surgical Academy, created his own school and also built a galvanic battery that was the largest of its time. Petrov with his research began work on the practical use of electricity. Great contributions to the development of electrical engineering were made by Russian scientists E.H. Lentz and B.S. Jacobi in the 1830s–1840s. Lentz and Jacobi played a major role in creating the electrotechnical school in St. Petersburg. In the second half of the 19th century, their students and followers developed their works of practical and scientific electrical engineering. 10.18721/JEST.240316 621.3 (09) electrical engineering in St. Petersburg V.V. Petrov's Research the practical use of electricity B.S. Jacobi the first electric motor the Success of the representatives of this school https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.16/ 16_Ivanov.pdf

REV RUS 212-222 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru The way from Becquerel's radiation to the atomic bomb The discovery of the phenomenon of radioactivity made by French scientists Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie is one of the greatest feats in the history of science. As early as 1896, Becquerel discovered that uranium compounds emit deeply penetrating radiation, which is an internal property of uranium. In 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie, after carrying out lengthy and hard research, came to the conclusion that uranium ore contains two more elements that possess similar radiation, but much stronger than uranium. These elements were called polonium (in honor of Poland, the birthplace of M. Curie) and radium. At the suggestion of M. Curie, the very phenomenon of radiation was called radioactivity. D.I. Mendeleyev considered the discovery of radioactivity «... one of the most brilliant and most mysterious discoveries of the late 19th and early 20th centuries». Less than fifty years have passed since the time of atomic bombings over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that took tens of thousands of lives (August 1945), but all these years were full of the greatest discoveries in the field of atomic and nuclear physics. Despite the available literature on this issue, we are still attempting to recall very often the greatest events of the time. 10.18721/JEST.240317 001:929:62 radioactivity radium uranium plutonium atomic energy history of science https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2018.105.17/ 17_Morachevskiy.pdf