Global Energy

RAR RUS 6-27 Klimenko Vladimir Tereshin Alekseii Fedotova Ekaterina INCREASE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL IN RUSSIA DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING This study presents the assessment of changes in potential renewable energy under climate changes over the Russian territory. The data are analyzed concerning the history, present state and prospects of development of renewable energy sources in Russia. We show that at present, excluding large hydropower plants, which supply about 6 % of primary energy consumption in Russia, the share of all the other renewables in national energy supply comprises less than 2 %, and, if present trends of their development continue in the coming decades, will not exceed 4% of total energy consumption in Russia. Based on CMIP5 climate models simulations using original selection methodology, we estimated the changes of major climatic parameters (air temperature, precipitation, wind speed) over Russia for the period up to 2070 under the most likely future climate scenario RCP 4.5. The changes in the applied climatic characteristics that define the renewables potential, such as river runoff, wind potential, net primary production of forests are calculated. Results show that climate change has a positive impact on renewables potential over the most part of the country. It is also projected that the total positive impact (in terms of fossil fuel conservation) by increasing the renewable energy potential due to climatic changes over the Russian territory for the time frame up to 2050, exceeding 10 million tce, fully offsets the negative impact of these changes on other energy sub-sectors. 10.18721/JEST.25301 620.9 renewable energy sources potential climate change model estimates CMIP5 project RCP 4.5 scenario river runoff wind potential net primary production of forests https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.1/ 1_Klimenko.pdf

RAR RUS 28-46 56825574900 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Gumeniuk Vasiliy kaf-uzchs@mail.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Tumanov Alexander toumanov@mail.ru Atoyan Grant ato.bmg@gmail.com ATOMIC INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA: KEEPING UP WITH THE TIMES It is expected that the necessity to solve the problem of global deficiency of energy resources in the 21st century may give a new impulse to the development of atomic industry in Russia. The development undoubtedly should proceed taking into account the achievements and the experience acquired by the atomic industry in the previous years. Active introduction of innovative technologies is expected, both in the area of monitoring of the state of equipment of nuclear power plants, and in the area of processing the spent fuel. The planned mastering of the closed fuel cycle is the necessary condition of economic growth as well as entering the market of industrial energy reactors by the end of the 21st century. Successful implementation of the long-term development strategy requires timely solution of existing problems of the atomic industry as well as posing new challenges in step with the times. In particular, the tasks of forecasting and prevention of emergency situations (ES) at nuclear energy objects are of special importance. 10.18721/JEST.25302 621.039 atomic industry nuclear energy nuclear plant nuclear power reactor energy unit thermonuclear reactor ITER monitoring forecasting emergency situation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.2/ 2_Gumenyuk.pdf

RAR RUS 47-58 Popov Maxim Vasilyeva Olga Asainov Daniil EXPERIENCE OF INTRODUCING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEASURING METERS AT POWER STATION The article presents the results of studies of the power quality problem, electromagnetic transients of the power supply system of the energy complex of the MPEI National Research University . The practical examples given in the publication are focused on the possibilities and efficiency of using digital technologies for analyzing the operating modes of electrical equipment which are implemented in modern multifunctional intelligent devices BINOM3. Studies of the quality of electrical energy at the Power Station of MPEI revealed deviations in the 35th harmonic component of the voltage. As a result of physical experiments and digital processing of electrical signals, it was found that the sources of distortion introduced into the external electrical network are the rectifying blocks switched in the control circuit of the generator excitation. These schemes of two-(six)-half-period rectification are available in the electric machine excitation system of the generator with a DC generator, in the circuits of the electromagnetic corrector and the current compounding scheme. Based on research and analysis of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients at the Power Station of MPEI, indicators of power quality in non-stationary modes of operation of the power complex were assessed. It is established that the sensitivity and speed of the frequency control system, power and excitation of the turbine generator fully comply with the requirements of GOST 32144. 10.18721/JEST.25303 621.311 : 621.314 : 621.316 : 621.317 power quality power supply system digital technologies Smart Grid non-stationary modes https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.3/ 3_Popov.pdf

RAR RUS 59-70 Kalyutik Alexandr Treshchev Dmitriy Pozdeeva Daria RECYCLING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AT POWER-AND-HEATING PLANTS OF ST. PETERSBURG The article reviews the essential problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. We consider the possibility of involving combined heat and power plants in energy recovery from MSW using the example of an operational cogeneration plant in St. Petersburg. We suggest using the gasification technology on hard household waste, which results in production of synthesis gas that can be used as a fuel in the steam cycle. To assess technical performance of the heating units, we carried out a simulation of the cycle arrangement and subsequent heat-and-mass balance calculation by means of Boiler Designer software. The equipment can run either at the pressure of 10 MPa and the temperature of 525 °С or at the pressure of 14 MPa and the temperature of 540 °С. The results of analysis show that the options are equivalent when the plant is operating in the heat-extraction mode, but it is more efficient to use the steam of higher service conditions in the 15-year period, until the price difference of the equipment is lower or equals 139.54 million rubles. There is a list of requirements imposed on an industrial site of the operational power plant for installing new energy sources. The Severnaya and the Yujnaya cogeneration plants meet the acceptance criteria. 10.18721/JEST.25304 620.92 alternate fuel power-and-heating plant production heat and electricity energy municipal solid waste gasification https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.4/ 4_Kalyutik.pdf

RAR RUS 71-85 Silnikov Mikhail director@mes.spbstu.ru APPLICATION OF RELAXATION SYSTEMS FOR SECURITY The article presents ways and methods of using gas-filled relaxation systems to ensure safe use of pulsed high-energy technologies. The acoustic characteristics of relaxation systems, the expected limits of the pressure drop during the reflection of shock waves on a rigid wall in two-phase media are considered. The real possibilities of controlling the parameters of explosive waves during detonation of explosive charges in various media, the dynamic behavior of shock waves in relaxation systems are described. Various schemes and methods for converting underwater explosive loads are shown. Examples of using structured relaxation systems to protect against external, vibrational and vibrational influences are given. The relevance of describing the laws of evolution of shock-wave processes in gases, liquids and gas-liquid systems from a single perspective and identifying criteria for similarity of interaction of shock waves with biological objects and structures is given. 10.18721/JEST.25305 533.6.011.72 relaxation systems safety pulsed high-energy technologies shock waves shock wave processes gas-liquid systems two-phase media detonation blast waves parameters dynamics https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.5/ 5_Silnikov.pdf

RAR RUS 86-96 Khrustaleva Irina Lyubomudrov Sergey Lyubomudrow@yandex.ru Larionova Tatiiana Tolstoles Alekseii IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION IN SHIP REPAIR COMPANY The article describes the model for improving the technological preparation of small-scale and single production. At the heart of the model is division of the part into separate elementary surfaces with subsequent analysis of the acceptable technological methods and means used in their processing. The presented model of technological preparation of production allows to choose the optimal variant of the technological process of manufacturing a batch of parts taking into account the available production schedule. The choice of the optimum variant of the technological process is made on the basis of comparative analysis of a combination of different methods and means of production used in the process of manufacturing the part. An example of the choice of the optimal variant of the technological process of manufacturing a "Flange" part is considered. A scheme is presented for splitting the part into elementary surfaces and combining them into blocks of surfaces. The optimal variant was chosen based on the comparative analysis. 10.18721/JEST.25306 658.512.4.07 automation means of production technological process comparative analysis model mechanical restoration https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.6/ 6_Hrustaleva.pdf

RAR RUS 97-107 Busarov Sergei S. Aistov Iror Titov Danii VERIFICATION OF METHOD FOR CALCULATING DEFORMATIONS OF CYLINDER WALLS OF LOW-SPEED LONG-STROKE OIL-FREE PISTON UNITS The results of experimental studies of deformed state of a long-stroke low-speed stage of a piston compressor unit made it possible to verify the calculation method for the given design stage, taking into account the influence of changing gas state parameters in the working chamber and wall temperature. The developed experimental testbed and research methodology are described. The model of the deformed state of the cylinder is implemented using the ANSYS Workbench Mechanical software package (ANSYS WM software package). The obtained data on deformations made it possible to supplement the existing method of calculating the working processes of low-speed long stroke piston stages with the function of changing the gap in the cylinder-piston seal. This issue is very relevant for processes in low-speed units, since the phenomenon of stress relaxation in cylinder walls is significantly different from the processes occurring in high-speed piston stages. 10.18721/JEST.25307 621.512.0032 long stroke piston unit cylinder deformation conditional clearance strain gauging thermal calculation https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.7/ 7_Busarov.pdf

RAR RUS 108-119 Naumov Aleksandr Manzhula Konstantin EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOCAL BUCKLING OF BOX-SHAPED BEAMS WITH NON-LINEAR WALLS Experimental analysis of buckling stress for box-shaped beams with non-linear walls was performed. Calculations in Ansys showed that the critical stresses of local buckling of beams with non-linear walls are higher than in beams with standard walls. The value of critical stresses of local buckling grows nonlinearly with increasing wall curvature. Dependences are obtained for estimating the critical stresses of local buckling based on the results of a numerical experiment with varying geometric parameters of the beam. For experimental verification of the obtained dependences, a test facility was developed. It allows determining the forces, deformations, and stresses in area where the local buckling of box-shaped beams is lost. A comparative experiment and calculation of beams with linear and non-linear walls showed that non-linear walls in box-shaped beams have a higher (by 2.5–4 times) critical stress value than standard linear walls. 10.18721/JEST.25308 621.874, 69.07 box-shaped beam non-linear walls local buckling critical stress value FEM experimental analysis https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.8/ 8_Naumov.pdf

RAR RUS 120-132 Strizhius Vitalii CONSTANT-LIFE DIAGRAMS OF LAYERED COMPOSITES A review and a brief analysis of four well-known constant-life diagram models of layered composites, most often encountered in scientific publications, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of models are noted. A special modification of the Harris diagram was proposed as an alternative to the given diagrams for engineering predictions of fatigue characteristics of layered composites at different asymmetry coefficients R of cyclic loading. Using the example of constructing the proposed diagram for CFRP AS4-PW open-hole specimens, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data is shown, which makes it possible to hope for acceptable accuracy of the calculated estimates of fatigue strength characteristics of layered composites using this diagram. An example of using the diagram for estimation of fatigue life of CFRP Т300/5208 [45/0/-45/90]2s open-hole specimens under quasi-random program loading is presented. 10.18721/JEST.25309 629.7.023 layered composites fatigue life S-N curve asymmetry of cyclic loading constant-life diagram https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.9/ 9_Strizhius.pdf

REV RUS 133-139 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru Popovich Anatoliy popovicha@mail.ru MAGNESIUM BATTERIES: A NEW DIRECTION OF RESEARCH A number of companies in Japan, the USA and other countries began large-scale production of lithium-ion batteries in 1990-1991, based on incorporation (intercalation) of lithium ions into various anode and cathode materials. Initially, carbon materials with a layered structure served as anodes. In the 21st century, a huge number of studies have been published aimed at studying more efficient anode materials for subsequent generations of lithium-ion batteries, mainly based on silicon, tin, and a number of other metals and alloys. Progress has also been made in obtaining cheaper cathode materials. Starting from 2010–2012, a large number of experimental studies and generalizing works have been published with recommendations for rechargeable chemical c 10.18721/JEST.25312 546.3 magnesium-ion batteries hybrid batteries anode and cathode materials for magnesium-ion batteries https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.10/ 10_Morachevskiy.pdf

CHR RUS 140-147 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru HISTORY OF THE CHEMICAL FACULTY OF THE POLYTECHNICAL INSTITUTE (1919–1930) The short-term existence of the Faculty of Chemistry remains one of the brightest pages in the history of the Polytechnic Institute. It was formed in 1919 on the basis of the Electrochemical Subdivision, which was part of the Metallurgical Department since the foundation of the institute and had an outstanding teaching staff. Academicians N. Kurnakov (four specializations), V.A. Kistyakovsky, F.Yu. Levinson-Lessing, Professor P.P. Fedotiev (Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1933), A.A. Baikov (Academician since 1932), D.S. Belyankin (academician since 1943), famous professors V.A. Kind and B.N. Menshutkin worked at the Faculty of Chemistry. Lectures on physics were read by academician A. F. Ioffe, while then young N.N. Semenov took part in teaching physics. A number of graduates of the Faculty of Chemistry have made a significant contribution to the development of various fields of national science. We should not forget that it was thanks to V.A. Kistyakovsky that teaching of physical chemistry and theoretical electrochemistry achieved a level corresponding to that time for the first time in Russia, the first Russian laboratories of this type were created at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. Polytechnic Institute was the first in Russia to start educating applied electrochemistry engineers. F.Yu. Levinson-Lessing and his student D.S. Belyankin are the only ones in Russia and the USSR who trained specialists in the field of geochemistry. The Faculty of Chemistry, like the entire Polytechnic Institute, ceased to exist on June 30, 1930 in accordance with the order of the USSR Supreme Economic Council. 10.18721/JEST.25313 001.3 History of St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Academician N.S. Kurnakov Academician V.A. Kistyakovsky Academician F.Y. Levinson-Lessing Academician A.A. Baikov https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2019.109.11/ 11_Morachevskiy.pdf