Global Energy

RAR RUS 7-25 VESELOVKSY Kirill BELEY Valeriy WORLD EXPERIENCE OF ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION AND PROSPECTS FOR KALININGRAD REGION The transition of the Kaliningrad power system to isolated operation raises issues concerning the optimization of the existing generating complex and ensuring energy security. The objective of this research is to identify ways to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the Kaliningrad region’s power system based on international experience. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes and substantiates a methodology for a comparative analysis of isolated power systems based on a set of criteria (isolation, dependence on fuel imports, comparability of scale and the level of renewable energy sources integration). Based on this methodology, an analysis of the generation structure, technologies and emergency operating conditions was conducted for the power systems of Oahu (USA), Cyprus, Crete (EU), Tenerife, and Gran Canaria (Spain). The analysis demonstrated that the key factors for the sustainable development of isolated systems are the integration of renewable energy sources, the deployment of energy storage systems and the establishment of intersystem connections. This analysis has enabled the formulation of a scientifically-grounded concept for restructuring the generating complex of the Kaliningrad power system. It is proposed that the priority areas should be the development of the region’s wind power potential and the implementation of electricity storage systems. This can optimize the operation of thermal power plants, increase system stability, and reduce dependence on imported fuel. 10.18721/JEST.31401 621.311:620.92 (470.26) isolated energy system Kaliningrad region Hawaii Crete Cyprus Canary Islands energy storage systems reliability of energy supply energy security https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.1/ veselovskiy_beley(1).pdf

RAR RUS 26-40 VORONIN Ilia B-7916-2013 6601971248 0000-0002-1173-8727 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Korovkin Nikolay nikolay.korovkin@gmail.com

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

DOLBIN Kirill OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF FACTS DEVICES FOR LARGE-SCALE POWER SYSTEM MODELS The introduction of active-adaptive devices is one of the key areas in the modernization and reconstruction of the modern electric power industry. This paper proposes and investigates a new effective algorithm for optimal allocation of flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices in an electric power system (EPS) of thousands of nodes. The optimal allocation problem is divided into two subtasks: an approximate search for a set of promising installation sites (without analyzing the modes of the power system) and clarifying the found set (based on the analysis of modes). Within the proposed algorithm, the approximate search is a multi-objective optimization problem. A multithreaded implementation of genetic algorithm finds solution for the problem. The result of the algorithm performance is a Pareto front. Each point of the front corresponds to a set of promising installation sites of FACTS. The paper presents the results of the algorithm performance for optimal placement of series FACTS in IEEE 300 bus system. The obtained Pareto sets contain dozens of promising FACTS locations. When number of FACTS increases, the number of points on the Pareto front rises. The paper also considers the implementation of the algorithm for constructing the set of Pareto-optimal solutions based on parallel computing. 10.18721/JEST.31402 621.315+621.316 power system FACTS multi-objective optimization parallel computing genetic algorithm optimization SSSC optimal allocation of FACTS https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.2/

RAR RUS 41-57 Belko Viktor Mannanov E. Kostelov Andrey FEDOTOV Nikita Feklistov Efrem Shikova Tatiana PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MICA-BASED INSULATION FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE STATOR WINDINGS The results of a comprehensive study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the mica-containing groundwall insulation of stator windings for high-voltage turbogenerators are presented. A comparative analysis was carried out for insulation manufactured using resin-rich (RR) and vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) technologies. Strength and deformation characteristics under various types of mechanical loading were determined, interlayer adhesive strength was assessed and thermal expansion was evaluated, taking into account the material’s anisotropy. Significant differences in the behavior of the studied insulation types at elevated temperatures have been established. A significant anisotropy of the thermophysical properties of the material has been revealed. Accelerated thermal aging tests demonstrated the retention of mechanical characteristics over a long service life. The obtained results are of practical importance for calculating the thermomechanical and vibrational stability of the insulation systems of high-voltage turbogenerators. 10.18721/JEST.31403 621.3.048 stator winding mica-containing groundwall insulation resin-rich technology vacuum pressure impregnation mechanical characteristics temperature coefficient of linear expansion thermal ageing https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.3/ belko_mannanov_kostelov_i_dr_.pdf

RAR RUS 79-89 Abdrakhmanova Anna Sotov Anton Zaytsev Alexander Popovich Anatoliy popovicha@mail.ru MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLULAR STRUCTURES MADE OF THERMOPOLYURETHANE TPU 95A WITH CONTROLLED POROSITY FOR PROSTHETIC DEVICES OF VARIABLE STIFFNESS, OBTAINED BY 3D PRINTING Functional gradient materials with controlled porosity based on triple periodic minimum surfaces combined with 3D printing open up new possibilities for creating personalized prosthetic liners with variable stiffness. This paper presents research on the mechanical properties of cellular structures made of TPU 95A thermoplastic polyurethane, manufactured using 3D printing (FDM technology), for use in functionally graded prosthetic liners. Cyclic compression tests were performed on three topologies – gyroid, Schwarz surface (Primitive) and honeycomb structure – at porosities of 40 and 75% (cell size 10 mm). It was found that the minimum printable wall thickness is 0.8 mm without defects. According to the research results, the gyroid topology demonstrated the best elastic modulus results, which amounted to 17 MPa for 40% cell porosity and 10 MPa for 75% porosity. The honeycomb structure showed the lowest stiffness and anisotropy. The data obtained confirm the possibility of creating a stiffness gradient by varying the porosity of the gyroid structure, which is promising for personalized prosthetic devices with optimized load distribution. 10.18721/JEST.31406 621.763 additive manufacturing functionally graded material variable stiffness triple periodic minimum surfaces personalized prosthetics https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.4/ abdrahmanova_sotov_zaytsev_popovich.pdf

RAR RUS 90-104 Demyanov Gregory Glebova Ekaterina Golubev Ivan Alhimenko Aleksey wft-polytechnic@cef.spbstu.ru. Kruk Pavel INVESTIGATION OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL DEGRADATION UNDER COMBINED CARBON DIOXIDE CORROSION AND ABRASIVE WEAR CONDITIONS This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the synergistic effect under the combined action of CO2 corrosion and abrasive wear on low-alloy steel 09G2S, commonly used in oil and gas pipelines. The study was conducted using a specialized flow-loop test bench simulating real operational conditions, including flow velocity (up to 5 m/s), CO2 concentration (1.2 g/L) and abrasive particles (SiO2 sand, 4.2 g/L). The material degradation rates were evaluated using gravimetric and electrochemical (LPR) methods. The results demonstrated that under the combined action of corrosion and erosion, the total mass loss (4.7634 mm/year) significantly exceeded the sum of individual corrosion (1.7495 mm/year) and erosion (1.6821 mm/year) losses, confirming the presence of the synergistic effect. The calculated synergy coefficient (2.8671 mm/year) and factor contribution analysis revealed dominant synergistic interaction (60% of total degradation), while pure erosion and corrosion accounted for 27% and 13%, respectively. The ΔCR/ΔER ratio of 0.117 (according to ASTM G119-09) corresponds to the equality of synergistic and additive effects with a shift towards synergy. The obtained data are of practical importance for predicting pipeline service life and developing protection methods against corrosion-erosion wear. The proposed methodology combines field-representative conditions with high measurement accuracy. 10.18721/JEST.31407 620.193:622.692.4 synergistic effect corrosion-erosion wear CO2 corrosion erosion https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.5/ demyanov_glebova_golubev_i_dr_.pdf

RAR RUS 105-117 Ganin Sergey BLINOV Sviatoslav LEVITSKY Alexey. EFFECT OF FOAMING TECHNOLOGY ON THE POROUS STRUCTURE OF DEFORMED FOAM ALUMINUM BLANKS The effect of foaming technology on the porous structure of deformed aluminum foam blanks was studied. The blanks were produced using powder technology. The manufacturing process included batch mixing, cold pressing in a closed die, hot extrusion and hot rolling. The resulting rods had a square cross-section of 2.5×2.5 mm. Foaming of the resulting blanks was achieved using three methods: TIG welding, direct current flow and a gas torch. After foaming, the structure of the samples was studied. It was found that the most uniform porous structure of the blanks was formed by heating by direct current flow; however, this method is technologically more complex. Heating with a gas torch is more practical and simpler. 10.18721/JEST.31408 691-405 aluminium foam metal fusion foaming process foam-forming agent https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.6/ ganin_blinov_levitskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 118-133 Popov Aleksandr TEPLUKHIN Vasilii G. Radkevich Mihail BELYAKOV Sergei VLASOV Ivan FORMATION OF NANOSURFACES OF STAINLESS STEELS WITH INCREASED CORROSION RESISTANCE DUE TO JET ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA TREATMENT The work is aimed at studying the corrosion properties of stainless steels after reducing the Ra surface roughness parameter by jet electrolyte-plasma treatment. The studies were conducted using electron and atomic force microscopy and standard corrosion tests. During the study, the reduction of the Ra surface roughness parameter and the surface morphology of the samples were examined for stainless steels 20Kh13, 08Kh18N9T, AISI 304, AISI 310, AISI 316L, and the nickel heat-resistant alloy EP648. The initial surface of the samples was obtained by rolling, sawing with a mechanical hacksaw, SLM technology and electroplasma jet technology. For the first time, it was shown that the average surface height Sa can be reduced to an extremely low value of 11.800 nm by combining dimensional and finishing processing of stainless steel. An electrostatic calculation of the electric field strength on the surface defects of the anode was performed. It has been shown that the surface roughness parameter Ra can be reduced to an extremely low value of Ra 0.004 μm on a base length of 10 μm, which leads to a decrease in the number of microdefects and an increase in the Gibbs free energy, as well as a 3.6-fold decrease in the corrosion current density. The increased corrosion resistance achieved through the combined use of electroplasma and jetting technologies can be used for the treatment of stainless steels used in the oil and gas industry, such as pipelines, process vessels, valves, turbine blades. 10.18721/JEST.31409 620.193 anode electrolyte jet plasma Ra nanoroughness electrostatics electron atomic force microscopy corrosion resistance https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.7/ popov_tepluhin_radkevich_i_dr_.pdf

RAR RUS 134-145 PEZIN Dmitry Ermakov Boris NECHAEV Daniil PERFORMANCE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ARCTIC REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION In the course of this work, an assessment of the applicability of components and parts of electrical equipment made from thermoplastic polymeric materials for use in Arctic conditions. As a result, it was established that the use of polyamide- and polybutylene terephthalate-based polymer composite materials under conditions of extremely low temperatures and high humidity can lead to accidents due to a sharp reduction in the materials’ deformation capacity. It was also shown that polycarbonate was the most promising material for the manufacture of components and parts of equipment designed for use in the Far North. However, despite its high and stable static mechanical properties and impact strength, this material cannot be recommended for manufacturing special-purpose fans, since relying solely on strength characteristics when selecting a material does not guarantee its long-term safe operation. 10.18721/JEST.31410 691.175 Arctic mechanical properties polycarbonate polymer fractography https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.8/ pezin_ermakov_nechaev.pdf

RAR RUS 146-158 BLINOV Sviatoslav LEVITSKY Alexey. Zotov Oleg zog-58@mail.ru GOLUBKOV Nikita COMPARATIVE CORROSION RESISTANCE TESTS OF COPPER AND ALUMINUM POWDER COATINGS APPLIED BY COLD GAS DYNAMIC SPRAYING The study conducted comparative tests of coatings deposited on St3sp steel using Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying (CGDS) method. The experiments were carried out using a “Dimet-405” system. Ready-made powder mixtures from “Dimet” were chosen as the material for spraying: copper C-01-01 and aluminum with the addition of zinc A-80-13. After deposition, the samples were subjected to mechanical and corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber and in containers with seawater. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was assessed by measuring the change in the weight of the samples, which also allowed for the calculation of the corrosion rate. The results were confirmed by metallographic analysis and visual inspection. The coating made of a mixture of aluminum and zinc demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance. No oxidation of the base metal of the sample was observed. The resistance to cracking during bending was also higher for aluminum–zinc based coatings. 10.18721/JEST.31411 620.193 corrosion copper aluminium Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying corrosion-resistant coating https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2025.134.9/ blinov_levitskiy_zotov_golubkov_(medn__i_alyumin__poroshkovie_pokritiya).pdf