Global Energy

RAR RUS 7-16 Rakov Gennady g.rakov.turbo@mail.ru Pautov Dmitriy pautovdmitry@gmail.com Smirnov Maxim m.smirnov.turbo@mail.ru Kuklina n.i. A POSSIBIBLITY OF DESIGNING RECOVERY TURBOGENERATORS WITH AXISYMMETRIC NOZZLES FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES As part of the strategic partnership between SPbPU and Leibniz UniversitätHannover conductedajoint investigation of the possibility of creating an utilizing turbo-generator for an internal combustion engines trucks.Asathermodynamiccycleforthe utilizing turbo-generator consideredthe possibilityofusingan organic Rankine cycle. Design modes, part-load modes and full-load modes of the ICE was analyzed. For these operating modes the followings were performed: analysis of working conditions of the turbogenerator,parameters selection and one-dimensional calculation of the turbine. As turbine nozzles used an axially symmetric nozzles. Profilingof nozzles and rotor bladeswas performed. 10.5862/JEST.226.1 621.165.1 LOW FLOW RATE TURBINES; MICROTURBINES; RECOVERY UNITS; TURBINE WITH AXISYMMETRIC NOZZLES; TURBOGENERATORS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.1/ 1_rakov.pdf

RAR RUS 17-26 Kiselev Vladimir kis_vg@mail.ru INFLUENCE OF THE SPECIFIC ELECTRIC SOIL RESISTANCE ON THE SELECTION OF THE FORM OF CATHODE PROTECTION OF UNDERGROUND CONDUITS Inthe articleis carriedoutthecomparativeanalysisofthecostof cathode protectionbythe superimposed current and the cathodic galvanic protection of underground metallic construction based on the example of conduits. Are revealed the economic advantages of protector protection, as the minimum with its use for the conduits with the contemporary qualitativeanticorrosiveisolation, which possesses high dielectric characteristics. The increased attention is given to the comparative estimate of the cost of the cathode protection of the unit of the length of underground conduit, which is determined with a change of the specific resistance of soil in the range from zero to hundred Om·m 10.5862/JEST.226.2 621.311.22(075.8) CORROSION CORROSIONPROTECTION ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION; PROTECTIONFROMTHE ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROTECTION; CATHODE PROTECTION; PROTECTORPROTECTION;GALVANIC PROTECTION. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.2/ 2_kiselev.pdf

SCO RUS 27-29 Rudskoj Andrey rector@spbstu.ru THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CONFERENCE «MODERN METAL MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES», DEDICATED TO THE 100 TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH OF RAS CORRESPONDING MEMBER V.S. SMIRNOV (1915–1973), RECTOR OF THE LENINGRAD POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE (1956–19 This article provides information about the 11th International Scientific andTechnical Conference «Modern metal materialsand technologies».The conferencetookplaceon23-27June2015inSt.PetersburgbasedFSAEI IN «Saint-PetersburgPolytechnicUniversityPeterthe Great»andwas dedicatedtothe 100th anniversaryofthe birth of corr. RASVS Smirnov (1915-1973), rector of the LeningradPolytechnic Institute (1956-1973). The conferencewas attendedbyover160prominent scientistsand leading expertsinthe fieldofdevelopmentof new technologies and materials, representatives of universities, institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific and industrial organizationsfromdifferentregionsofRussiaandforeign countries. Altogetherduringthe conference heard and discussed more than 100 reports in seven thematic sections on the most promising areas of materials science and metallurgical technologies. The report reflects the trend of the emergence of many new technologies and materials at the junction of the traditional areas of industry. 10.5862/JEST.226.3 001.83(100):661.3:620:669 NEWMATERIALSANDTECHNOLOGIES;MATERIALS;CONFERENCES;HIGHSCHOOL;PETERTHEGREAT ST. PETERSBURG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.3/ 3_rudskoy.pdf

RAR RUS 30-39 Fuk Doan fukdoan@mail.ru 56035034600 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Tsemenko Valeriy plast-ftim@mail.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Ganin Sergey MODELLING THE DEPOSITION PROCESS OF POWDER MATERIAL IN A CAPSULE Results of the comparative analysis of modeling in DEFORM and LS-DYNA of process rainfall of aluminum samples are given in a capsule packages with experimental data. The qualitative picture and size of deformation received when modeling practically coincide with results of pilot studies. Thus, it is possible to tell about adequacy of the developed computer models and possibility of their use when modeling processes rainfall, and also more difficult processes of deformation in which relative density changes insignificantly.For more difficult processesof deformationof preparationsof powder materials (extrusion, equal-channel angular pressing, rolling) at which the interval of change of density lies in significantly wider range,itis necessaryto usethe mathematical modelsand conditionsof fluidity adapted for these conditions, in particular an elliptic condition of fluidity in which twomechanical characteristics are used: a fluidity limit at shift and a fluidity limit at hydrostatic compression. 10.5862/JEST.226.4 621.762 POWDER METALLURGY;MODELING;DEFORMATION;ALUMINUM ALLOYS;A DEPOSIT IN A CAPSULE. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.4/ 4_fuk.pdf

RAR RUS 40-53 Ptashnik Alina alina_pv@mail.ru A-9655-2014 7007045735 0000-0001-7385-147X Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Kondrat'ev Sergey petroprom2013@yandex.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Anastasiadi Grigory Petrov Sergey THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF STRENGTHENING CARBIDE PHASES IN HEAT-RESISTING HP40Nb ALLOYS AT HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPERATION Transformations of strengthening carbide phases in the structure of a heat resisting heat-resistant alloy 25Cr-35Ni-C-Si-Nb of the HP40Nb series during long endurance at a temperature of 1150 °C were studied by the method of a quantitative metallography with use of raster electronic microscopy and the X-ray spectral microanalysis. Dependences of change of quantity and morphological parameters of carbide phases in structure of the alloy at high-temperature operation are received and explained. It is established that the greatest quantitative and morphological changes of a carbide phase happen during the first 2-10h enduranceofa cast alloy.Itis shown that the increasein the maintenanceof carbide phasesinthe structure of a heat resisting HP40Nballoyat temperaturesof operationis connectedwith consecutive transformation of the eutectic carbides of chrome in the direction: M7C3→M23C6→М6C. The carbon which is released as a result of transformation of carbides of chrome forms in matrix solid solution secondary disperse a compact form carbide inclusions. 10.5862/JEST.226.5 669.1.017:669.018.44:669:018.28:669.018.891:5 CASTHEAT-RESISTANTHEATRESISTINGALLOYS;MICROSTRUCTURE;PHASECOMPOSITION;ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;CARBIDE PHASES; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.5/ 5_ptashnik.pdf

RAR RUS 54-60 Bogatov Aleksandr omd@urfu.ru Pavlov Dmitriy d.a.pavlov@urfu.ru Pavlova Elena lenka.nee@ mail.ru TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE METHOD OF ROLLING OF HOT-ROLLED TUBE ON A STUB MANDREL A new method of rolling of hot-rolled tube on automatic mill“tandem”consisting of twoa lengthwise rolling mills (a lengthwise rolling mill№1 and №2)is proposed. Methodallowstoachieve the rough tube preovalisation before rollers of a lengthwise rolling mill. The rough tube preovalisationprovides uniform groove filling and a decrease of nonuniform pipe wall thickness. The rough tube preovalisationwill allow to increase elongation ratio from 1,5 to 2,0 on the lengthwise rolling mill №1 and to decrease the elongation ratio on the piercing mill. That will allow to decreasethe risk ofa rolling skin formation of on external tube surface. The way to reduce the probability of the formation of a “guide mark” defect due to the kinematic tension during rolling on a stub mandrel with rough tube preovalisation is investigated. The influence of the kinematic tension on the forming tube in the groove taper at a lengthwise rolling with rough tube preovalisation is investigated 10.5862/JEST.226.6 621.774 352 A TUBE ROLLING-OFF; A STUB MANDREL; AN AUTOMATIC MILL “TANDEM”; A FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; A COEFFICIENT OF ROUGH TUBE OVALISATION. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.6/ 6_bogatov.pdf

RAR RUS 61-71 Gorynin Vladimir z1dehy97@mail.wplus.net Olenin Mihail 1951vika@mail.ru COAGULATION OF CARBIDE PHASES IN THE STEEL STRUCTURE 09G2SA-A LEAVE IN WELDS TO ENHANCE COLD RESISTANCE Structural changes of a carbide phase in welded connections from steel 09g2SA-A at various modes of heat treatment are investigated. It is shown that coagulation of a carbide phase in structure of steel allows to receive high values of resistance to fragile destruction of welded connections at a temperature minus 40 °C. On the basis of the received results of experiments and their analysis the mode of postwelding tempering of containers for spent nuclear fuel is optimized. Comparative tests of the samples processed on regular and new technologies showed that the new technology allows to increase by 2-3 times values of impact strength of welded connections from steel 09g2SA-A. 10.5862/JEST.226.7 669.1.017:621.78:620.18 STRUCTURAL STEELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; HEAT TREATMENT; COLD RESISTANCE; CARBIDE PHASES. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.7/ 7_gorynin.pdf

RAR RUS 72-77 Volkov Anatolii Volkov@yandex.ru Raskatov Evgenii evgeniy.raskatov@yandex.ru Kopeina Aleksandra Kopeina@yandex.ru A NEW TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING TITANIUM PARTS Weight reduction of rotating and moving parts of reciprocating engine can increase the maximum speed and as a result increase the capacity of aircraft and automobile engines, while reducing fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Production of the final titanium products is currently very expensive and difficult. The methodology includes the production of forged plates, blocks and rods made of titanium. Then these blanks are processed, and obtained details of the necessary form. With this technology, approximately 70% of the material falls into the waste, the manufacturing process requires a lot of time and a lot of energy. New technology Disk bottom drain does not have these disadvantages. 10.5862/JEST.226.8 621.74.07 MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY “DISK BOTTOM DRAIN SINK”; AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MELTS; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; FORM CREATION https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.8/ 8_volkov.pdf

RAR RUS 78-84 Skvortsova Aleksandra hlobystic@mail.ru Lycheva Kristina k.lycheva@yandex.ru Voznyakovskii Aleksei alexey_inform@mail.ru Koltsova Tatyana annelet@yandex.ru COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON ALUMINUM, REINFORCED CARBON NANOFIBERS The differences in the structure and properties of the materials Al - 1 wt.% CNF, depending on the method of compaction, had been discussed. Carbon nanofibers allow to increase matrix strength by 30%, which corresponds to the values of cold pressing composites strength. It was shown that the results are well described by the Hall – Petch in the case of carbide phase absence. This suggests emptive effect of grain size on the materials hardness. Carbide formation at the interface takes place at 980oС, simultaneously with the destruction of the carbon fibers. In that case, hardening occurs due to new Al4C3 phase formation. 10.5862/JEST.226.9 539.216 ALUMINUM; COMPOSITE; CARBON NANOFIBERS; POWDER METALLURGY; STRENGTHENING MECHANISM. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.9/ 9_skvortsova.pdf

RAR RUS 85-91 Demidov Alexander ph-chem@ftim.spbstu.ru Markelov Iliya ON THE THERMODYNAMICS OF SYSTEM CARBON–OXYGEN Reactions between carbon and oxygen plays an important role in metallurgical processes, where the first one is used as a fuel or (and) as a reductant. In this work, thermodynamic analysis of the carbon-oxygen system is made, taking into account two reactions: C+1/2O2=CO and C+O2=CO2. The system C–O is divided into three subsystems – C-CO, CO-CO2, CO2-O2 – and calculations of changes in gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of each subsystem as function of composition in the temperature range 500-2500 K are made. Evaluation of influence of enthalpy and entropy factors on change in gibbs free energy of the system is given. The thermodynamic analysis of system carbon (graphite) – oxygen on the basis of the calculated values of change of thermodynamic characteristics is carried out. It is established that the enthalpy factor has the maximum impact on values of changes of energy of gibbs of the system in the field of structures answering to carbon oxide (IV), and entropy – in the field of structures, answering to carbon oxide (II). It is shown that the received results can be used in the analysis of the phenomena of burning and gasification of carboniferous fuel, processes of receiving cast iron and iron. 10.5862/JEST.226.10 669.2 THERMODYNAMICS OF CARBON-OXIGEN SYSTEM; CARBON; OXIGEN; CARBON MONOXIDE; CARBON DIOXIDE; THERMODYNAMICS; PRODUCING IRON AND CAST IRON. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.10/ 10_demidov.pdf

RAR RUS 92-101 Dobosh Ludmila dobosh87@mail.ru Golod Valery cheshire@front.ru MODELING THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF TERNARY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS NON-EQILIBRIUM CRYSTALLIZATION The results of calculation of parameters of the microstructure formed under different conditions of crystallization of multicomponent aluminum alloys are shown, obtained by the numerical model. The model is based on the system the relationship of heat, diffusion and crystallization processes and considers the results of thermodynamic modeling of phase transformations. Fragment of the liquidus surface of the system Al-Cu-Mg built, identifies areas of formation of various structural components and influence on their composition of components under equilibrium conditions and complete suppression of diffusion in the solid phase. The influence of the composition of the alloys Al-Cu-Mg and conditions of crystallization on the kinetics of formation, quantity and parameters of structural components was investigated. The adequacy of the proposed numerical model to predict the microstructure parameters was shown by comparison of experimental and calculated data at different cooling rate and composition of aluminum alloys. 10.5862/JEST.226.11 621.74.01:669.14 CRISTALLIZATION OF ALLUMINIUM ALLOYS COMPUTER MODELING; COMPOSITION OF LIQUID PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE PARAMETERS; DENDRITES AND EUTECTIC. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.11/ 11_dobosh.pdf

RAR RUS 102-110 Dvortsov Vladirmir privedig@mail.ru DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF A CRANKLESS MECHANISM Are presented the simulation results of the crankless mechanism of the engine with external combustion by means of the built-in module of the dynamic analysis of an ‘Autodesk Inventor package’ and the ‘Rigid Dynamics’ module of an ‘ANSYS’ package. Physical experiment is made. Results of numerical modeling and physical experiment iscompared.The experience of the application of innovative approaches to the measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the piston during operation of the mechanism. Identify promising for further work to improve the measurement system. Increased stability and accuracy of measurement will identify vibration load of the piston in the extreme positions. This will increase seal life by taking into account these loads at the design stage. 10.5862/JEST.226.12 621.41 ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ; БЕСШАТУННЫЙ СИЛОВОЙ МЕХАНИЗМ; ДВИГАТЕЛЬ С ВНЕШНИМ ПОДВОДОМ ТЕПЛОТЫ; ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ УСКОРЕНИЙ; ДВИГАТЕЛЬ СТИРЛИНГА. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.12/ 12_dvortsov.pdf

RAR RUS 111-120 Maksarov Vyacheslav maks78.54@mail.ru KrasniI Viktor vikras1955@yandex.ru THE MECHANISMS OF FRICTION OF THIN-LAYER COATINGS UNDER CONDITIONS OF FRETTING-CORROSION The prospects of application of nano-coatings based on polymeric fluorocarbon composition and friction-mechanical brass plating for protection of heavily loaded mates machine parts operating under conditions of fretting corrosion. We studied the mechanisms of friction of nano-coatings that significantly reduce fretting wear.When choosing materials protective coatings of parts of high load of mates from fretting should pay attention not only to their durability, but also on the sensitivity to shear, i.e. the ability of a material to assume the shear deformation without the initiation of fatigue damage processes. It is known that this property have a thin enough coating, convenient and also those that do not violate the maintainability of components and allow you to keep in operation the tightness provided in the Assembly. 10.5862/JEST.226.13 621.43-233:620.193 FRETTING CORROSION; NANOCOATING; FLUOROCARBON POLYMERIC COMPOSITION; OF A FRICTIONMECHANICAL BRASS; FINE STRUCTURE. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.13/ 13_maksarov.pdf

RAR RUS 121-131 Usov Oleg usov496@mail.ru Beloutov Gennadii tm@vniitransmash.ru Korol’kov Rudolf aleksandr.loyko@inbox.ru Loyko Aleksandr aleksandr.loyko@inbox.ru DYNAMIC AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS OF A MILITARY TRACKED VEHICLE WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION AND A HYBRID POWER UNIT Military tracked vehicles, electric transmission, mechanical transmission, the functional characterization of military tracked vehicles, acceleration characteristic, braking characteristic, rotating around the center of mass. The thermal characteristics of rectilinear motion and limiting traction characteristics even turn military tracked vehicle with electromechanical transmission are shown that are comparable with similar characteristics perspective military tracked vehicles with a mechanical transmission. We analyzed the performance of the electromechanical transmission military tracked vehicles when turning around the center of mass. The results of the calculation of the acceleration and deceleration military tracked vehicle with electromechanical transmission without use stopping brakes are demonstrated. Calculation of acceleration characteristics to move on a flat road paved and dirt road with typical irregularities is made. The comparison shows that the functional characteristics of military tracked vehicle with electromechanical transmission hybrid power plant is not inferior to a military tracked vehicle with a mechanical transmission, and on dynamic characteristics far superior. 10.5862/JEST.226.14 623.438.3-23 MILITARY TRACKED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MILITARY TRACKED VEHICLES; ACCELERATION CHARACTERISTIC; BRAKING CHARACTERISTIC; ROTATING AROUND THE CENTER OF MASS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.14/ 14_usov.pdf

RAR RUS 132-141 Gavrilov Petr ENGINEERING METHOD OF FORECASTING SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF GANTRY CRANES INCLUDING POSSIBLE LOCAL DAMAGE In this paper the method of forecasting the seismic response of metal structures of gantry and portal cranes is proposed. This simplified method allows to evaluate possible damage of steel structure of the portal. The foregoing procedure is based on the modeling of the structure of the gantry crane using nonlinear dynamic system with element of plasticity. The physically nonlinear element of dynamic system simulates the possible damage of steel structure. The comparison of the results of the seismic analysis using the proposed method and finite element method shows that results match to each other with accuracy higher than 13%. Proposed method may be used for gantry and portal cranes at the early stages of design process. 10.5862/JEST.226.15 621.86 SEISMIC RESISTANCE; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SIMPLYFIED METHOD; PORTAL CRANE; GANTRY CRANE; LOCAL DAMAGE. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.15/ 15_gavrilov.pdf

RAR RUS 142-149 Babkin Konstantin babkin.kd@mail.ru Zemlyakov Evgeny e.zemlyakov@ltc.ru Turichin Gleb ballak@inbox.ru Kuznetsov Andrey algorithm.ltd@gmail.com AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM WITH MACHINE VISION FOR LASER SCAN WELDING This paper presents a software-hardware system for seam tracking during scanning laser welding, which is necessary to increase productivity and decrease defects, caused by manual homing. A vision sensor system has been designed for laser scanning head, which can acquire clear image of work region in a protective atmosphere. By analyzing the features of captured images a set of algorithms has been proposed to detect the edges of welding joint and extract the characteristic parameters for welding trajectory generation. System testing was conducted during the welding of titanium heat exchanger. The accuracy and reliability of developed method was measured and described. 10.5862/JEST.226.16 621.791 LASER SCAN WELDING; SEAM TRACKING; MACHINE VISION; AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM; WELDING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.16/ 16_babkin.pdf

CHR RUS 150-153 Rudskoj Andrey rector@spbstu.ru VASILY S. SMIRNOV (ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH) Article is devoted to the outstanding scientist, the organizer of science and the higher school, the corresponding member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR Vasily Sergeyevich Smirnov. It is told about years of formation of V. S. Smirnov as scientist and the head, his labor way is tracked, the main scientific achievements in the field of plastic deformation of metals are analyzed. The special attention is paid to the period of work of V.S. Smirnov at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. 10.5862/JEST.226.17 378:669:669.017:620.18 OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST; METALLURGY; PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF METALS; HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION; LENINGRAD POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE; PETER THE GREAT SAINT-PETERSBURG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.17/ 17_rudskoy.pdf

CHR RUS 154-158 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru THE CONTRIBUTION OF ACADEMICIAN N.S. KURNAKOV IN THE CREATION OF THE RUSSIAN POTASH FERTILIZERS INDUSTRY (DEDICAED TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE OPENING OF THE VERKHNEKAMSK POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALT DEPOSIT) In the essay briefly considered part of Academician NS Kurnakova, professor of general chemistry at the Polytechnic Institute in 1902–1930, in the substantiation of geological surveys and follow-up study Verkhnekamsk potassium and magnesium salts, which was opened in 1925 10.5862/JEST.226.18 001:929:66 ACADEMICIAN NS KURNAKOV; VERKHNEKAMSK POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS; POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS; POTASH PLANT SILVINIT; CARNALLITE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2015.93.18/ 18_morachevskiy.pdf