Global Energy

RAR RUS 7-18 Kudryavtsev Igor ig.kudryavtsev@gmail.com Laskin Alexander a.s.laskin@mail.ru AERODYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INPUT DEVICES OF HPC OF POWERFUL STEAM TURBINES BASED ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION The data obtained through investigating the flow structure in input devices of high pressure cylinders (HPC) of powerful steam turbines are presented in this article. Results of numerical simulation are compared for four constructions of the input devices. As a result of this study, we have constructed an input device with improved aerodynamic characteristics. 10.5862/JEST.238.1 621.165.5 STEAM TURBINE; HPC; INPUT DEVICE; FLOW; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS; DEGREE OF IRREGULARITY; KINETIC ENERGY LOSS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.1/ 1_kudryavtsev.pdf

RAR RUS 19-27 Matrosov Artiom OPERATIONAL MODES OF AN ELECTROHYDRAULIC DRIVE OF A RING GATE FOR A HYDRAULIC TURBINE The results of an investigation of numerical and experimental operating modes of a multi-actuator electro-hydraulic servo drive designed for manipulating the ring gate of a hydraulic turbine are presented in the work. The modes of normal operation (lifting and lowering) under the action of unbalanced load have been investigated. Theoretical and experimental investigations of normal operation modes were conducted. The experimental part of the study has been implemented by carrying out bench tests involving a three-cylinder electrohydraulic servo actuator controlled by proportional electro hydraulic amplifiers which simulates the gate drive, s three-cylinder load drive simulating the weight load of the gate shield and the load from the stream, two independent pumping stations and a control and measurement system. The theoretical part of investigations was implemented by conducting a numerical experiment on the basis of mathematical models of a three-cylinder electro-hydraulic servo drive made in the MATLAB software package. The mathematical description of drive dynamics is carried out by means of non-linear differential equations. Each drive unit consisting of a power supply, a servo cylinder, a proportional directional valve, feedback circuits and pressure and piston motion sensors is described by three equations: the equation of actuator moving part motion, flow continuity equation through pressure gap of proportional directional valve and pressure chamber of hydraulic cylinder, flow continuity equation through the drain chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and the drain gap of proportional directional valve. Mathematical models of normal operating are solved by the built-in function ODE23S. The experimental and theoretical functional dependences of synchronization error from value of the relative load on the actuator have been obtained. The estimation of the degree of impact of the unbalanced load on the synchronicity of the actuating hydraulic motors work was given. 10.5862/JEST.238.2 621.225.2: 62.822 RING GATE OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE; MULTI-ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC DRIVE; SYNCRONIZATION OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS; MATHEMATICAL MODELING; MODELING IN MATLAB. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.2/ 2_matrosov.pdf

RAR RUS 28-36 Batuhtin Andrey Kobylkin Mihail mkchita@gmail.com Baranovskaia Marina mak.b192@yandex.ru APPLICATION OF HEAT PUMPS AS THE DIRECTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT HEATING COGENERATION The article is dedicated to use of the heat pump for improvement of district heating with cogeneration station. At the present time, improving the efficiency of cogeneration stations is one of the priority goals in the development of district heating. One of the most perspective options for improving the efficiency of cogeneration stations is to reduce the temperature of the heat network schedule, with the greatest effect achieved by applying individual systems with heat pumps for the thermal energy consumers as final heaters. However, the existing solutions require significant capital expenditures. Thus, a technology allowing organizing the gradual installation heat pumps in heating systems with low cost is required for implementing the existing projects. As a starting stage of integrating the heat pump compensation of the hot water supply load in the non-heating period is offered. For this purpose, we developed a universal system for the load compensation of the hot water supply, which is a cost-effective and relatively affordable way to initial exploitation of heat pump in a district heating. The system is based on a block containing a heat pump with circulation pumps. The system allows using heating appliances as a heat exchanger to capture excess heat in building premises. To do this, the heating circuit is cut off from the thermal networks and closed through the heat pump with the help of valves. The pump helps organize the circulation of the heat transfer medium in circuit. The heating medium is cooled in the evaporator, and then replenishes the heat from the heat of the building. The collected heat is transferred to the condenser with a higher potential sufficient to heat water for the consumer. The proposed technology allows to effectively compensate for the hot water load with minimal capital cost and simplicity of design. This universal system of hot water load compensation using the heat pump is designed primarily to attract the consumers and to gradually introduce the heat pump for all subscribers within each cogeneration station with a view of a transition of the system to lower temperature schedule. 10.5862/JEST.238.3 621.577: 62-67 ENERGY SAVING HOT WATER SUPPLY HEAT PUMP CENTRAL HEATING LOW-COST. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.3/ 3_batukhtin.pdf

RAR RUS 37-45 Solovyev Yuriy yury.solovyev@yahoo.com Nazarythev Alеksandr THE ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACTS ON MECHANICAL DAMAGES GROWTH IN POLYMERIC INSULATION OF COVERED CONDUCTORS Practical importance of studying the nature of technological factors influencing the performance properties of polymeric insulation of covered conductors is found. It is shown that the structure of polyethylene insulation is very sensitive to such technological factors as the quality of raw material, the composition of the materials used, technological modes of crosslinking and extrusion of insulation covering. The given examples show the influence of technological factors on the microstructure of covering insulation, which determines its resistance to oxidation and wetting. On the basis of executed tests the experimental curves were obtained for the relationship between the main performance properties and the technological parameters, such as as cross-linking time and extrusion rate which define the degree of molecule orientation and density of the three-dimensional structure of material inside polymeric insulation of the covered conductor. A common pattern in the obtained graph functions is the increase of relative lengthening and durability of the material when linear speed of extrusion molding of the process increases. 10.5862/JEST.238.4 621.315.35 POLYMERIC COVERING INSULATION; POLYETHYLENE; CROSS-LINKING; EXTRUSION MOLDING DAMAGE. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.4/ 4_solovev.pdf

RAR RUS 46-56 Grigoreva Daria daschuta_93@mail.ru Sharapa Evgenii Assessment of the effect of modernizing the low pressure cylinder of the T-250/300-240 turbine of the Yuzhnaya CHP-22 TGC-1 The purpose of the present article is in developing recommendatory methods and an assessment of modernizing a low pressure cylinder of a T-250/300-240 turbine. The practical importance is described. The analysis of operation of the low pressure cylinder taking into account technical restrictions is carried out. The main regularities of change of parameters are revealed. Recommendations about modernization of the low pressure cylinder of the turbine are developed. The main recommendations are made about the relevance of modernizing the low pressure cylinder of the T-250/300-240 turbine taking into account the possibility of decreasing the technological minimum for the behavior of thermal power plant in the wholesale electric power market. The settlement model of the turbine in the "United Cycle" software complex is developed. Assessment methods by means of the "United Cycle" software complex are revealed. The effective range of electric power at modernization of a rotor of the turbine is determined. The analysis of consolidation of a diaphragm of the low pressure cylinder is provided. The low-consumption modes of cylinder modernization are theoretically described and analyzed. The technological features of the turbine are considered. The marginal income from the modernization of the low pressure cylinder is estimated. The comparative analysis with the existing situation is carried out. Alternative methods of modernization of the low pressure cylinder are given. Multiple conclusions about the further marginal income are made. 10.5862/JEST.238.5 621.165 Heating turbine; low pressure cylinder; rotor with remote shovels; cooling of low pressure cylinder; low-account modes; decrease in electric power; technological minimum https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.5/ 5_grigoreva.pdf

RAR RUS 57-64 Sakhno Ludmila lsahno2010@yandex.ru Sakhno Olga Olasahno@mail.ru Varlamov Yuriy vyv2@rambler.ru Likhachev Denis design@yandex.ru ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF THE IMPEDANCE OF The RESISTANCE OF A SPOT WELDING MACHINE TRANSFORMER This paper presents an analysis of the impedance in a medium-frequency resistance spot welding transformer. The medium frequency system consists of an input H-bridge inverter, a welding transformer and a full-wave center-tapped output rectifier that consists of two diodes. The welding transformer consists of a primary winding and two secondary disk windings. The resistive impedance determines the thermal conditions of the transformer and the reactance affects the medium frequency of the system’s power consumption. It is necessary to consider that due to the center-tapped rectifier, the current can flow in only one of the secondary windings at a time, which causes an unbalanced magnetic field strength distribution. Unbalanced distribution can cause high leakage fluxes which increase transformer impedance. The article presents the formulas for calculation of the impedance transformers. They are necessary in order to reduce copper losses and design a device with minimum power consumption. Some assumptions were made to reduce the problem of calculating the leakage field of the transformer to a one-dimensional field. The formulas are functions that depend on the relative values characterizing skin and proximity effects in the transformer windings. The graphs of these functions are given for convenience of use. An example of the calculation of the impedance is presented. It is shown that the typical design of the transformer is not effective due to the proximity and skin effects. The reactance exceeds the resistive impedance by several times when the frequency is more than 1000 Hz, despite the reduction of the leakage inductance. To reduce the impedance of the transformer it is necessary to provide the interleaving of primary and secondary windings. 10.5862/JEST.238.6 812.35.17.11 TRANSFORMER; DISK WINDINGS; SPOT WELDING MACHINES; INVERTER; PROXIMITY SKIN EFFECTS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.6/ 6_sakhno.pdf

REV RUS 65-79 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru Popovich Anatoliy popovicha@mail.ru Demidov Alexander ph-chem@ftim.spbstu.ru APPLICATION OF LITHIUM, ITS ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER SOURCES (DEDICATED TO THE 25th ANNIVERSARY OF STARTING THE PRODUCTION OF LITHIUM-ION CELLS) The review describes the history of the creation of chemical power sources with anodes based on lithium or its alloys with aprotic (non-aqueous) and molten electrolytes, thermoelectrochemical cells, thermal chemical power sources, chemical power sources with reactive emerging electrolyte. Creating a lithium-ion battery (LIB) is connected with the use of graphite as a matrix for lithium. Graphite, due to its layered structure, is capable for reversible electrochemical intercalation from lithium non-aqueous solutions. The energy density of modern LIBs is 150-200 W•h/kg, close to the limit created by the existing electrochemical system., More intensive research is required to find new electrode materials for creating LIBs of the next generation, with higher electrochemical performance. Using nanotechnologies makes it possible to create materials with higher performance. There is reason to believe that anodes created with nanomaterials based on silicon or tin, as the replacement for graphite, will significantly improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs completely. Additionally, a list of promising cathode materials should include lithiated iron phosphate. In the future, we can highlight three electrochemical systems as promising batteries: lithium-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and sodium-ion batteries. The review is showing the contribution of Russian scientists to the development of chemical current sources with anodes based on lithium. 10.5862/JEST.238.7 621.355 LITHIUM; LLITHIUM ALLOYS; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; ELECTROLYTES CHEMICFL CURRENT SOURCES. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.7/ 7_morachevskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 80-89 Rudskoj Andrey rector@spbstu.ru Sokolov Yuriy s5577@inbox.ru Pavlushin Nikolay nvpavlushin@itenterprise.net INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING A HYBRID TECHNOLOGY FOR SYNTHESIZING COMPOSITE POWDER PRODUCTS The technical realization of an installation for producing composite materials with programmed structure from powders of various chemical composition by various methods of layerwise formation of a product is considered: electron beam/ionic synthesis, the vacuum soldering, an electron-beam evaporation, ionic-implanted modification of powder’s surface with use of source of high-energy ions. The construction of a specialized plant for implementing the hybrid technology is considered. Original design solutions are proposed for the powder supply, vibrations, cutter, system of electron beam evaporation, which can be used in similar equipment for layerwise synthesis of products. 10.5862/JEST.238.8 621:621.791.722:621.762.04 LAYERWISE SYNTHESIS; ELECTRON BEAM; EVAPORATION; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; IONIC BEAM; OPTIC BLOCK. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.8/ 8_rudskoy.pdf

RAR RUS 90-99 Galevsky Gennadiy kafcmet@mail.ru Rudneva Victoria Garbuzova Alina kafcmet@sibsiu.ru Efimova Kseniia efimovaksenia@mail.ru Modeling boride and carbide formation in the processing of titanium-containing raw materials in a plasma reactor Complex multi-factor mathematical models of boride and carbide formation for plasma processing of titan-boron-carbonaceous raw materials and computer programs for implementing them are developed. Models have a block structure and allow to simulate processes of plasma generation, the movement and heat exchange of raw and plasma streams, heating, melting and evaporation of raw materials, its boration and carbonization and formation of disperse products. The "evaporation of raw materials" submodel describes the interaction of plasma flows and commodity units and includes the initial conditions and the outcome variables of hydrodynamic and thermal conditions. The "boration, carbonization of raw materials and particle formation" submodel includes units for changing process conditions and forming nanosized products. Computer programs allow to perform multiple research and engineering calculations of parameters of effective processing of titaniferous raw materials in boride and carbide and the analysis of parametrical sensitivity of the processes of boride and carbide formation. 10.5862/JEST.238.9 669.046 : 536.45 : 533.9 Modeling borides carbides titanium nano-powders formation of boride formation of carbide https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.9/ 9_galevskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 100-110 Fuk Doan fukdoan@mail.ru Ganin Sergey 56035034600 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Tsemenko Valeriy plast-ftim@mail.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

STUDY OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWDER MATERIALS USING THE ABAQUS SOFTWARE PACKAGE The paper presents a study of the processes of plastic deformation of metallic materials using numerical methods, in particular, the finite element method. Computational and experimental adaptation of the rheological Druker-Prager model was performed, constructed in the ABAQUS software package for modeling deformation processes of powder materials in a wide range of change of density. The results of modeling the pressing process in a closed matrix, where the relative density of a powder body changes in a rather wide range (0.65-0.98), were compared with the experimental data, and showed that the model using a subprogram allows to obtain the results more precisely describing a current of powder material in comparison with the model without a subprogram. It is shown that the ABAQUS software package and Druker-Prager's model built in it allow to obtain more exact results than those obtained using the DEFORM (with the built-in POROUS model) and ANSYS/LS-DYNA (with the CAP GEOLOGIC model) software packages. 10.5862/JEST.238.10 621.762 POWDER METALLURGY; COMPACTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELLING; PLASTIC DEFORMATION DENSITY. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.10/ 10_fuk.pdf

RAR RUS 111-121 Vostrov Vladimir Radkevich Mihail Yuiczyan E. vostrov-vn@mail.ru STATISTICAL MODELING OF MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE PROCESSES OF ROLLING THE INNER TEETH Obtaining internal tooth profiles and, in particular, rolling teeth by methods of volume forming greatly improves the production efficiency by increasing the productivity of the process, saving metal and improving product quality. Processes of internal tooth rolling promote the introduction of advanced types of products: wave Novikov gears and bearings. In solving engineering problems, in some cases, computer models and analytical mathematical methods run into serious difficulties that do not allow to build an adequate model of the process. Since it is not possible to take into account all the peculiarities of technological processes and equipment, training of workers and others, statistical models extend the capabilities of mathematical and computer models required in engineering practice. Statistical models, along with mathematical and computer models, are part of the simulation models which form the basis of optimization of technological processes. Investigation of the basic parameters of the processes in the rolling of the teeth was carried out on experimental stands, made on the basis of the type 1K62 lathes. 10.5862/JEST.238.11 621.787 STATISTICAL MODEL; ROLLING OF TEETH; PROCESS PARAMETERS; PROPERTIES OF METAL BILLET; EXPERIMENT PLANNING. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.11/ 11_vostrov.pdf

RAR RUS 122-128 Okhapkin Kirill kirill.okhapkin@mail.ru Kudryavtsev Aleksei kudryavtsev@yandex.ru Gruzdev Dmitrii mgruzd@bk.ru Rerikh German ger.rerih@yandex.ru ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS ACCORDING TO THE SCHEME OF DEFORMATION OF LARGE-SIZED FORGING FROM GRADE ХН55МВЦ-ИД ALLOY The paper presents the results of physical and mathematical modeling of the technological process of forging the grade ХН55МВЦ-ID alloy using the finite element method. In the calculation we used the experimental data on the mechanical properties of the alloy, determined when tested in tension and compression under conditions that simulate the forging process. Based on the analysis of the model the processes of upset forging and stretching are compared. It is found that in the upset forging process, the values of tensile deformations in some local areas are close to the limit of ductility of the alloy at temperatures of 1100 to 1140 °C. Therefore, to reduce the risk of formation of defects in the deformation process at temperatures close to 1140 °C, it is advisable to avoid the operation of upsetting the ingot. Stretching at a temperature of 1140 °C is more favorable, since the values of tensile deformations are much smaller than the limiting plasticity of the alloy in the whole temperature range investigated. 10.5862/JEST.238.12 669.018.44:621.73 NICKEL ALLOY; FORGING PROCESS; PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; RECOMMENDATIONS ON TECHNOLOGY. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.12/ 12_okhapkin.pdf

RAR RUS 129-135 Kolbasnikov Nikolai Matveev Mikhail matveev_ma@inbox.ru RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF BORON ON HOT DUCTILITY OF MICROALLOYED STEELS We studied the effect of boron on the hot ductility of micro-alloyed steels for physical simulation of continuous casting of steel conditions. For the physical simulation of the hot ductility of steel we used a thermomechanical Gleeble-3800complex. The paper identified temperature ranges of ductility failure in microalloyed steels with different boron compositions and under different conditions of cooling of the slab at the continuous casting of steel (continuous casting machine), ways to remove the ductility failures were also found. Joint microalloying of steel by boron, niobium and titan considerably increases hot ductility of steel in a temperature interval of 750-1050 °C. Positive influence of boron consists in modifying and crushing of initial grain of austenite. Modifying by boron is effective for increasing the hot ductility of steel under simultaneous microalloying of steel by titan and (or) niobium that allows to prevent formation of boron nitride and to eliminate its negative influence on ductility. 10.5862/JEST.238.13 620.172.2 HOT DUCTILITY; CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL; MICRO-ALLOYED STEELS; BORON; PHYSICAL SIMULATION. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.13/ 13_kolbasnikov.pdf

RAR RUS 136-144 Dobrotvorski Alexander npolencor@peterstar.ru Gyulihandanov Evgenii bogomolova_ev@spbstu.ru Maslikova Elena lenamaslikova@inbox.ru THE DEGRADATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF HEAT-RESISTANT STEEL TUBES AFTER LONG-TERM USE IN THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY The main reason for limiting the life of furnace coils is heat-aging under the influence of temperature and time factors which reduces long-term strength of the metal. The article presents an experimental analysis of the structure and mechanical properties of furnace coils from corrosion-resistant austenitic steels after various terms of operation and after emergencies. Examination of the samples cut from the coil after 12-48 years of service showed that the mechanical properties of most of them are within the requirements of regulatory documents. We found that a significant decline in long-term strength occurs due to partial or complete decarbonization of the cross-section of chrome steel pipe. The calculations of the depth of decarburizations were done for various life times. A possible way to increase longevity by creating protective diffusion layers, in particular, either chromed or siliconizing was suggested. High alloys, which operate at temperatures up to 800 °C, have another mechanism of degradation, associated with the redistribution of chromium, precipitation of σ-phase, leading to chromium depletion of grain boundaries, intergranular corrosion and brittle fracture. Increasing longevity in this case is possible only through a complete blocking of the surface layer by coating it with specific enamels used for high-temperature alloys, such as Nimonic. 10.5862/JEST.238.14 621.78 FURNACE COILS; LIFE TIME; STRUCTURE; DECARBONIZATION; σ-PHASE; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; SILICONIZING. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.14/ 14_dobrotvorskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 145-154 Bundur Mihail mmfgak@mail.ru Pelevin Nikita twic@inbox.ru Prokopenko Vyacheslav mmfgak@mail.ru DYNAMICS OF HIGH-SPEED SPINDLE BLOCKS OF HEAVY MACHINE EQUIPMENT The paper notes the importance of automatic control of hydrostatic bearings when computing the dynamics of a system, taking into account the influence of the changing energy parameters in a pad, especially during the finishing operations which are carried out on the machine-tool. Dynamics of hydrostatic bearings in view of the influence of the specified parameters is investigated. Calculations for different regimes of the spindle unit of the serial heavy manufacturing module with a sliding spindle are executed by the method of successive approach with the help the developed programs. The dynamics of hydrostatic bearings with various options of control systems is considered. The graphic-analytical method of determining the parameters of RC-correction for enhancing the dynamic quality of the system of automatic control is developed. The analysis of dynamics and recommendations about the development of technological modes at moving out of the spindle with holders of different mass at the largest frequency of rotation are made. 10.5862/JEST.238.15 621.822.172 HYDROSTATIC BEARING; CONTROL SYSTEM; MACHINE-TOOL; DYNAMIC QUALITY; CORRECTION; ENERGY PARAMETERS; PHASE MARGIN; EQUIVALENT MASS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.15/ 15_bundur.pdf

RAR RUS 155-162 Kushchenko Aleksandra aleksandra.kushchenko@rambler.ru 6602962915 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Bashkarev Albert bashkarev@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

MANAGEMENT FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COATINGS IN CONNECTIONS WITH A TIGHTNESS Compounds with interference are used for transmitting torque and axial loads due to friction forces arising on their surfaces through elastic deformation during assembly. During operation, the connections made of steel parts are destroyed as a result of fretting-corrosion due to the action of variable loads, typical for many types of equipment. One way to combat this phenomenon may be the use of thin-layer polymer coatings. The present work discusses the results of studying the adhesion strength and coefficient of friction of polyamide thin-layer coatings and composites based on polyamides on steel. We found that a composite containing from 20 to 40% mass fraction of iron oxide has the best friction and adhesive properties. Its coefficient of static friction on steel is comparable with the coefficient of static friction steel on steel, and adhesion to steel surface is more 40% higher than coatings of pure polyamide. 10.5862/JEST.238.16 621.88.084.4 CONNECTION WITH INTERFERENCE; POLYMERIC COATINGS; ADHESION; COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION; FRETTING-CORROSION. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.16/ 16_kushchenko.pdf

RAR RUS 163-171 Usov Oleg usov496@mail.ru Beloutov Gennadii tm@vniitransmash.ru Korol’kov Rudolf aleksandr.loyko@inbox.ru Loyko Aleksandr aleksandr.loyko@inbox.ru COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MILITARY TRACKED VEHICLES WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL AND MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION IN TERMS OF OPERATIONAL MOBILITY AND FUEL EFFICIENCY The article presents the types of rational working torque characteristics of the engine ensuring its operation in economy mode. We have given a brief description of the test track, with the results of motion simulation of a military tracked vehicle used to select the operating characteristics of the moment. The basic factor for choosing the working torque characteristics is fuel consumption while driving on the track. The paper reveals the results of calculating the movement of the military tracked vehicle with the electromechanical transmission on the test track for four types of working torque characteristics of the engine and substantiates the most suitable option. The main results of calculating the operating modes and loading of motor transmission compartment units through the operation of the military tracked vehicle in four average conditions are presented. The calculation is made for the military tracked vehicles with electromechanical transmission and with manual transmission. Comparison of the calculation results shows the significant advantage of the electromechanical transmission over the mechanical transmission in terms of mobility and fuel efficiency in different operating conditions. 10.5862/JEST.238.17 623.438.3–23 MILITARY TRACKED VEHICLES; ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; MANUAL TRANSMISSION; OPERATIONAL MOBILITY; FUEL EFFICIENCY; WORKING MOMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINE; TEST TRACK; AVERAGE OPERATING CONDITIONS. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.17/ 17_usov.pdf

RAR RUS 172-182 Smirnov Arkadii 123smirnov@list.ru Diep Hoang longhoang1791986@yahoo.com Polishchuck Mihail polishchuck@mail.ru COMPUTER MODELING OF THE XY-STAGE WITH PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS The study provides results of analytical research and computer simulation of an XY microscope stage with a piezoelectric actuator. It describes the operating principles of the XY microscope stage with parallel kinematics with bimorph piezoelectric actuators (BPA). We found the dependences of the displacement stage for the X and Y axes of the voltages applied to the BPA in quasi-static mode. We compiled equations of motion of the stage in two coordinates. Transfer functions of the displacement stage during controlling actions, i.e., voltage on BPA, are derived on the basis of equations of motion. We developed block diagrams of the control system with a PID controller for computer modeling in SIMULINK at stepping stepped exposure by the X and Y axes. Computer modeling has shown that with the introduction of the PID controller into the control system the dynamic system acts like an aperiodic link with sufficient speed positioning tasks. 10.5862/JEST.238.18 621.7.077: 681.513.3 OPERATING XY MICROSCOPE STAGE; BIMORPH PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR; ACCURATE POSITIONING; PID CONTROLLER; COMPUTER MODELING; SYSTEM RESPONSE SPEED. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.18/ 18_smirnov.pdf

PER RUS 183-187 Kozlov Mikhail Kozlov2106@mail.ru Lagushkin Sergey slagushkin@mail.ru M.V. FRUNZE AND POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In the history of the Polytechnic university there are remarkable graduates. They have made achievements in science, industry and policy. One of them is M.V. Frunze. 10.5862/JEST.238.19 94(47).084.3:378.4(47023-25)(09) FAMILY; STUDY; EDUCATION; POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY; GRADUATES; REVOLUTION; ARMED FORCES. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.95.19/ 19_kozlov.pdf