Global Energy

REV RUS 9-18 Zyssin Leonid lv_zyssin@mail.ru Steshenkov Leonid steshenkov@spbstu.ru A TWENTIETH-CENTURY PHENOMENON: DEDICATED TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY The paper presents the data on the history and development of nuclear energy in Russia, paying tribute to the the outstanding Russian physicists whose work allowed to put into effect the theoretical principles related to the use of nuclear energy. In the entire history of the Russian nuclear industry, our specialists created 92 power reactors of nuclear power plants, constituting 16 % of all power reactors ever built in the world. Of these, 70 are now working, which is also 16 % of all currently existing power reactors in the world. The only serious accident involving Russian-designed reactors was Reactor No 4 of the Cher- nobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The dynamic development of the nuclear industry is one of the basic condi- tions for ensuring Russia’s energy independence and sustainable economic growth. 10.5862/JEST.254.1 621 NUCLEAR INDUSTRY; REACTOR; HISTORY; ACCIDENT; PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.1/ 1_zysin.pdf

RAR RUS 19-27 Kondratyeva Ekaterina kondratyeva.e.a@mail.ru Simonov Anatoly simonov-33@mail.ru AAU-2845-2020 56042381200 0000-0002-6289-325X Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Sergeev Vitaly vitaly.sergeev@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

FEATURES OF PROCESSES HEAT PUMPS WITH CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS WORKING WITH THE LOW AND MEDIUM HEAT PERFORMANCE The paper reviews the findings of the study on the process and parameters related to choosing different working fluids for heat pumps, as well as the peculiarities of the performance of heat exchangers in low and medium-capacity pump units whose parameters lie in the range of 1-2 MW and below individual and industrial heat or less supply systems. We have described motor- and steam turbine- driven heat pumps utilizing refrigerant vapors with a combined cycle. The focus was on the operating conditions such as, the high thermal tension rate of the flow in condensers, reaching up to 17000-23000 W/m2, and the heat transfer in the boiling and condensatioin stages. The paper includes recommendations for selecting the heat exchange parameters at the top and bottom temperature levels in condensers and evaporators. The operating specifics of heat exchangers sunder application of low-boiling refrigerants ( – halo carbons). We have made recommendations for using shell- and- tube-type vaporizers and condensers with surface ribbing of copper tubes with a special burnishing treatment. 10.5862/JEST.254.2 621.577 HEAT PUMP; CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR; MODERATE POWER; RUNNING EFFICIENCY https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.2/ 2_kondrateva.pdf

RAR RUS 28-33 Zaborova Dariia C-2701-2009 6504322361 0000-0002-5471-2068 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Kukolev Maxim m_kukolev@mail.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Mussorina Tatiana https://publons.com/a/ 56426211200 https://orcid.org/ Petrichenko Mikhail fonpetrich@mail.ru THE SIMPLEST MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF LAYERED BUILDING ENVELOPES The energy efficiency of building envelopes (walls, floors, facades) should meet the requirements of regulatory documents. The current focus is mainly on the structural and technological measures aimed at increasing the thermal resistance of protections. Increasing the thermal resistance of wall structures requires estimating the thermal stability of the walls. It has been shown that increased thermal resistance of thermal conductivity does not always provide a steady temperature of the wall’s faces. In this paper, we have found the connection between the active (thermal resistance) and the reactive (accumulation) resistances of an envelope using the model of a one-dimensional wall. 10.5862/JEST.254.3 621.311 ENERGY EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS; HEAT ACCUMULATION WALL ENCLOSURE; CAUCHY PROBLEM https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.3/ 3_zaborova.pdf

RAR RUS 34-38 Girgidov Artur hydravlika@cef.spbstu.ru QUASISTATIONARY MODEL OF PRESSURE RECOVERY IN A GAS WELL Using the solutions of the nonstationary differential Darcy's equation for an infinite gas bed with the goal of constructing a pressure recovery curve (PRC) for a gas well includes some simplifying assumptions; it is difficult to estimate the error from introducing these assumptions. It is proposed to calculate the PRC using the quasi-stationary model of gas motion through soil. The model is based on integral Darcy’s equation and is well -known as a continuous sequence of stationary states. Basic assumptions, equations and boundary conditions are formulated. The model proposed makes it possible to calculate the PRC for finite as well as finite horizontal sizes of the gas bed. An example of the calculation confirms the validity of the model compared to natural conditions. 10.5862/JEST.254.4 622.279.5.001.42 HYDRAULICS; GAS WELL; PRESSURE RECOVERY CURVE; SEQUENCE OF STATIONARY STATES; DARCY’S LAW; BED OF FINITE HORIZONTAL SIZES https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.4/ 4_girgidov.pdf

RAR RUS 39-44 Shipulin Aleksandr avshipulin@mail.ru Kupavikh Kirill Kypavih@yandex.ru Kupavih Artiom INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A PUMP UNIT UNDER PULSE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING BREAKDOWN Classical hydraulic fracturing for creating a single crack implies using a pump unit capable of injecting hundreds of tons of liquid into a layer under the pressure of about 100 MPas. Besides, fixing of a crack requires injecting a proppant and chemical reactants. Pulse hydraulic fracturing is intended for forming a network of cracks around a well due to the hydraulic fracturing liquid moving with a variable speed. Low injection pressure and small amount of injected fluid are applied. Proppant roppant and chemical reactants are n'ot used. To increase the sizes of the cracks and to save energy, it is expedient to apply, instead of high pressure, ‘reciprocation’ by periodically increasing and decreasing the speed of movement and the pressure of fracturing fluid injection. As a minimum amount of complicated equipment is involved in pulse hydraulic fracturing, the energy in operation are insignificant. The liquid-pumping modes influence the parameters of the formed cracks and the operating economy. 10.5862/JEST.254.5 622.276.66 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING; IMPULSE; HYDROBLOW; PRESSURE; ENERGY https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.5/ 5_shipulin.pdf

RAR RUS 45-58 Neverov Vladimir Kozhukhov Iurii kozhukhov_yv@mail.ru Yablokov Aleksei yablokovaleksey@mail.ru Lebedev Aleksandr laa7777@ya.ru SIMULATION MODEL IN NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR IMPELLERS The article deals with choosing the parameters for the grid models and the computational domain while solving problems on optimizing the impellers of centrifugal compressors’s via computational fluid dynam- ics. In solving such problems, searching and applying the optimal parameters of the grid model, the computational domain, and the solver settings provides a high accuracy of the simulation with the most effective and productive use of machine time. The study was conducted in the Numeca Fine/Turbo program complex for the Spalart-Allmaras and Shear Stress Transport turbulence models on the ex- ample of two impellers: high-pressure with ѱт =0,71 and Ф = 0,064, and low-pressure with ѱт =0,43 and Ф = 0,06. It is established that the choice of the optimum parameters can significantly reduce the time required for obtaining a converging solutions and facilitates the further solution of optimization problems. 10.5862/JEST.254.6 621.515 IMPELLER; CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR; COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN; GRID MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; NUMECA FINE/TURBO https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.6/ 6_neverov.pdf

RAR RUS 59-68 Galaev Sergei sealga@mail.ru 7102545375 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Kirillov Alexander ai_kirillov@mail.ru, tot@pef.spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Smirnov Evgeny Panov Dmitrii NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A GAS TURBINE EXHAUST DIFFUSER Results of numerical analysis of unsteady 3D flow in a model of powerful gas turbine section are presented. The section consists of an inlet nozzle cascade, a last turbine stage model and an exhaust diffuser with struts. The effectiveness of URANS numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer in the outlet diffuser of a gas turbine is demonstrated. It is shown that a three-dimensional unsteady field of parameters corresponding to the outlet section of the flow behind the last turbine stage should be set for adequate numerical modeling at the entrance of the diffuser. Particular attention is paid to analysis of the flow vortex structure. The influence of leakage through the rotor tip clearance on the performance of the exhaust diffuser is evaluated. The computational results are compared with the data obtained at a large- scale experimental rig. Imposing the “second-kind” boundary conditions, heat transfer coefficient distributions for the exhaust diffuser and the struts are calсulated. 10.5862/JEST.254.7 621.165-253.5:620.193.1 GAS TURBINE; EXHAUST DIFFUSER; STRUTS BACKWARD INFLUENCE; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; VORTEX FLOW STRUCTURE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.7/ 7_galaev.pdf

RAR RUS 69-76 Belko Viktor Glivenko Dmitrii Emelyanov Oleg oaemel2@gmail.com Ivanov Ivan INVESTIGATION OF DEGRADATION IN ELECTRODE CONTACTS OF METALLIZED FILM CAPACITORS Metallized film capacitors are widely used in modern equipment. When this type of capacitors work in pulse mode, electrode contact destruction is the main reason of failure. Therefore, an experimental method for modeling the electrodynamic destruction of electrode contacts of a metallized film capacitor was developed. The experiments for investigating the destruction regularities due to the impact of current pulses with different amplitude and polarity were done. It was determined, that the probability of electrode contact failure is described by the normal distribution law. The dependences of electrode contacts lifetime versus current pulse energy were determined and a power law of aging was obtained. The polarity effect of contact destruction was found: the lifetime is less under impact of negative current pulses. The erosion velocity of metallization in electrode contact was calculated. 10.5862/JEST.254.8 621.319.4 METALLIZED FILM CAPACITOR; ELECTRODE CONTACT; POLARITY EFFCT; LIFETIME; EROSION VELOCITY; CURRENT PULSE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.8/ 8_belko.pdf

RAR RUS 77-88 Sukhichev Mikhail PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF A CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES WIRES FOR STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS This paper contains analysis of a part of Russian Electrical Code called PUE. This paper describes a basic heat balance model for wires of GOST 839-80 (Russian equivalent of EN 50182). As a result, the current- carrying capacity of this model is much less than the current-carrying capacity of GOST 839-80. This means that the PUE requirements may be incorrect. A formula for determining the current-carrying capacity in this model, ready for use in engineering, is proposed. Tables of the current-carrying capacity for all wires of GOST 839-80 are given. This paper only analyzes the requirements of PUE for the current- carrying capacity of outdoor wire. The PUE requirements for the current-carrying capacity of indoor wires will be discussed in the next paper. 10.5862/JEST.254.9 621.3.017:621.315.14:[669.3+669.71+669.1] PUE; ELECTRICAL CODE; GOST 839-80; EN 50182; HEAT BALANCE EqUATION; CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY; AMPACITY;OVERHEAD POWER LINES https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.9/ 9_sukhichev.pdf

RAR RUS 89-97 Andreev Aleksandr Dubitsky Semen Muravjova Tatiana Shikova Tatiana SIMULATION OF THE THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AN INSULATION SYSTEM WITH STOCHASTIC GEOMETRY OF THE CALCULATED AREA The paper considers the problems of calculating the thermal conductivity of stator slot wedging of power electrical machines. A method for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of a stator slot with geometric factors is presented. The boundary values of the effective thermal conductivity of the stator slot of power electrical machines for different variants of stator sealing and thermal conductivity values of groundwall insulation materials and slot wedging were found. It was established that the value of the effective thermal conductivity of the stator slot is primarily determined by the thermal conductivity of the insulation material, and the thermal conductivity of the sealing spacer materials has practically no influence on this value. 10.5862/JEST.254.10 621.3.048.015 ELECTRICAL MACHINE; STATOR SLOT; WEDGING MATERIAL; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; INSULATION https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.10/ 10_andreev.pdf

RAR RUS 98-105 Pankin Aleksandr B-7916-2013 6601971248 0000-0002-1173-8727 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Korovkin Nikolay nikolay.korovkin@gmail.com

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

ALGORITHMS OF NEW POWER-PRODUCING OBJECTS DIAGNOSIS SYSTEMS The problem of improving the reliability of complex major equipment at Russia’s NPPs can be managed by assessing the technical condition of equipment using new generation diagnosis systems. This requires development of algorithms for diagnosing technical objects (TO) and preparation of personnel for performing diagnostic measurements and arriving at diagnosis of the technical condition of TO. The objects of diagnosis in new NPPs include a reactor, reactor coolant pumps, turbine-generator, motor- operated valves, and other systems and components. The paper addresses the issues of preparing standards and specifications for Technical Diagnostics and using unified terminology in developing diagnosis systems for TO. A special attention is made to definition of the term “diagnostic indicator” which can be understood as a structure parameter or characteristic of a TO. In this paper, diagnosis objects are considered as “continuous” objects. The “diagnostic model” notion is introduced. A diagnostic model is constructed based on a mathematical model of the TO and relates direct measurements to diagnostic indicators of the condition of the object. The authors also propose using special algorithms in the diagnosis procedure for the cases when the amount of measured information is insufficient or the structure of a diagnosis object is unknown. In the first case, integrated diagnostic indicators should be used and in the second case, mathematical model coefficients should be identified and their values monitored during the object lifetime. The proposed methodology of developing diagnostic software supports Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) strategy which can advantageously replace the currently used Scheduled Maintenance (SM) approach. 10.5862/JEST.254.11 681.518.3 TECHNICAL OBJECT; DIAGNOSTIC INDICATOR; DIAGNOSTIC MODEL; DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM; METHODOLOGY https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.11/ 11_pankin.pdf

RAR RUS 106-115 NedolivKo Aleksei Belyaev Andrey andrey.belyaev@gmail.com IMPROVING THE INTERTIE TRANSIENT STABILITY BASED ON WIDE AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM DATA Transient stability enhancement is an important issue for all large power systems in the world, especially in case of widespread blackouts. In order to increase the transient stability level, various technical devices and methods are developed in electrical power systems, such as the wide area control system (WACS). We have proposed a method for assessing the transient stability level on the basis of calculating the equal acceleration/deceleration areas, similarly to D-decomposition in small-signal stability analysis, and used it for finding the optimal settings of excitation (AVR+PSS) and governing control (AGC) with additional signals from wide area measurement system (WAMS) in a 330 kV Kola-Karelian Intertie test model. 10.5862/JEST.254.12 621.313.322 INTERTIE SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY; TRANSIENT STABILITY; SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR; AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR; P OWER SYSTEM STABILIZER; AUTOMATIC LOAD-FREQUENCY CONTROL; WIDE AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.12/ 12_nedolivko.pdf

RAR RUS 116-125 Greshnyakov Georgii Seleznev Dmitrii B-7916-2013 6601971248 0000-0002-1173-8727 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Korovkin Nikolay nikolay.korovkin@gmail.com

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

ELECTRIC FIELD REGULATION IN INCREASING ISOLATION CONNECTING CABLE JOINTS ON 110 KV In this article, we will focus on cable accessories with a capacitive control method. It examines the key aspects of modeling the structure of the control field, made in the form of silicone stress cone connecting cable joint. The analysis is conducted with help a computer simulation using the finite element method in Elcut professional program. The article defines the problem areas in a design. Dependence to the electric field intensity calculated in the problem areas of the characteristic geometric and physical parameters of the stress cone. Recommendations give for optimal distribution pattern of the electric field in the cable cutting. 10.5862/JEST.254.13 621.3 STRESS CONE; CABLE JOINT; COMPUTER MODELING; REGULATION OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD; REINFORCING ISOLATION https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.13/ 13_greshnyakov.pdf

REV RUS 126-140 Evgrafov Alexander .evgrafov@spbstu.ru Andrienko Pavel THE ROLE OF ST. PETERSBURG SCIENTISTS OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF MECHANISMS AND MACHINES In 1712 Peter the Great has moved the capital of the Russian Empire from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. Following the change, official state institutions, civil servants, highly skilled workers, and builders moved in. For two centuries, from 1712 to 1918, St. Petersburg served as the capital of Russia and attracted countless talented, energetic and ambitious individuals, who have contributed to the diverse areas of art and science. This paper discusses contribution of St. Petersburg scientists within the scope of mechanisms and machines discipline. 10.5862/JEST.254.14 531.8 THEORY OF MECHANISMS AND MACHINES; A. NARTOV; L.EULER; P. CHEBYSHEV; L. ASSUR. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.14/ 14_evgrafov.pdf

RAR RUS 141-150 Popov Aleksandr Tyukhtyaev Mikhail Radkevich Mihail Novikov Vitaliy vitalynewage@gmail.com THE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL PHENOMENA OCCURING UNDER JET FOCUSED ELECTROLYTIC PLASMA PROCESSING The paper has studied the phenomena of heating of the active sacrificial anode and the distribution of heat flow under jet focused electrolytic-plasma treatment. We have assessed the temperature distribution on the anode surface using measurements by an artificial thermocouple and by fuse indicators. We have measured the temperature of the basic elements of the system consisting of the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte (under drainage from the sample and in the receiving tank), and the vapor-gas medium (in the vapor trap and in the working chamber housing). It was found that if the localized beam was focused on the anode surface area substantially greater than that of the cathode, occurs low-temperature processing of the surface layer of the material occurred in a low-velocity electrolyte jet, which provides polishing of the steels without undergoing phase transformations. The distribution of heat flows under jet focused electrolytic-plasma treatment was analyzed. 10.5862/JEST.254.15 621.78 JET; FOCUSED; ELECTROLYTIC PLASMA PROCESSING; ACTIVE SACRIFICIAL ANODE; HEATING; THERMAL STREAM; EqUATION OF THERMAL BALANCE; MARTENSITE FERRITE STEEL https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.15/ 15_popov.pdf

RAR RUS 151-163 Melnikov Boris kafedra@ksm.spbstu.ru STUDY OF PLASTIC COMPLIANCE FIELD UNDER COMPLEX PASSIVE LOADING The paper presents the findings of experimental studies on elastic-plastic deformation under complex- variable passive loading of commercially pure nickel samples. The analysis of experimental errors is performed and methods to improve test accuracy are proposed. The properties of the field of plastic compliances are investigated under passive loading. For all loading paths the shapes of equal plastic compliance are close to circles. On the basis of the obtained results, the constitutive equations of multisurface plasticity theory with one active surface of plastic compliances are suggested. A method for determining the model constants, characterizing the evolution of the center of the active surface is proposed based on the experiments under nonproportional complex loading, consisting of primary loading, unloading, secondary loading in a different direction and unloading. The verification of the proposed constitutive equations is performed on the basis of the experiments on thin-walled tubular specimens under complex (monotonic and cyclic) loadings, including partial and intermediate unloading. 10.5862/JEST.254.16 539.3:539.214 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF METALS; PLASTIC COMPLIANCE FIELD; COMPLEX PASSIVE LOADING; EXPERIMENT MODELING https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.16/ 16_melnikov.pdf

RAR RUS 164-172 Lyapin Anatolii MODEL STUDY OF A DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION MACHINE WITH FREQUENCY CONTROL The subject of this study is a doubly-fed induction machine with frequency control. We have described the most promising areas of application doubly-fed induction machine. The resulting equation for the voltage vector of the rotor of a doubly-fed induction machine with frequency control. We have listed the equations required to create the mathematical model of the doubly-fed induction machine with frequency control. We described the process of obtaining the expressions for the module of the voltage vector of the rotor, ensuring the operation of the doubly-fed induction machine with a constant active power of the stator throughout the entire range of slip variation. We have obtained an expression for the module of the voltage vector of the rotor, ensuring the operation of the doubly-fed induction machine with a constant reactive power in a limited slip variation range. The static characteristics of the doubly- fed induction machine with frequency control were constructed in MATLAB. A analysis of static characteristics was performed. 10.5862/JEST.254.17 62.503.51:62.503.54:62.503.55 DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION MACHINE; FREQUENCE CONTROL; STATIC CHARACTERISTICS; MATHHEMATICAL MODEL; CONSTANT POWER. https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.17/ 17_lyapin.pdf

RAR RUS 173-181 Legkostupova Vera Sudakov Aleksandr The effectiveness of modernizing the SPP-500-1 moisture separator reheate This article is about the experimental and computational research of the modernized separation part of the SPP-500-1 moisture separator--steam reheater. These devices are operating at nuclear power plants with RBMK-reactors. Modernization of the separation part of SPP-500-1 was completed by "NPO CKTI" together with the Balke-Durr company (Germany) whose stand was used for experimental studies in support of this modernization. The results of computational studies we have performed, demonstrate the efectiveness of the modernized design of SPP-500-1. The results of the computations agree quite well with the experiments, which means that the technique of two-phase low simulation adequately describes the separation process in the SPP-500-1. The proposed method of modeling two-phase low can be used for computational analysis when designing and modernizing moisture separator-steam reheaters and other heat exchangers, developed and operated at the thermal and the nuclear power plants. 10.5862/JEST.254.18 621.311.25 Moisture separator-steam reheaters (MSR) separation modeling efficiency reliability https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.18/ 18_legkostupova.pdf

RAR RUS 182-190 56035034600 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Tsemenko Valeriy plast-ftim@mail.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Fuk Doan fukdoan@mail.ru Ganin Sergey DETERMINING THE RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELING THE EXTRUSION PROCESS OF POWDER AND POROUS MATERIALS. PART 3: THE HOT EXTRUSION PROCESS The paper describes modeling the process of consolidation and deformation in a capsule of the SAP-1 powder material for various types of extrusion. We have investigated the influence of the extrusion coefficient and the matrix coning angle on consolidation of powder procurements. It is established that the change of the extrusion coefficient has a considerably greater influence on the sample consolidation process, than the change of the matrix coning angle. Based on the results of mathematical modeling, we have determined the technological parameters for the process of hot extrusion of the SAP-1 powder composite material in a capsule and substantiated the technological parameters of the hot extrusion process providing consolidation of the powder sample to an almost pore-free condition with minimum necessary effort of the press are proved. 10.5862/JEST.254.19 621.762 POWDER METALLURGY; COMPACTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELLING; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; DENSITY https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.19/ 19_tsemenko.pdf

RAR RUS 191-209 A-9655-2014 7007045735 0000-0001-7385-147X Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia Kondrat'ev Sergey petroprom2013@yandex.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Sviatysheva Ekaterina Anastasiadi Grigory Danilova Marina marina.rakovskay@yandex.ru FEATURES OF NIOBIUM CARBIDE STRUCTURE FORMATION IN CAST HEAT RESISTANT ALLOYS OF THE Fe-Cr-Ni SYSTEM The structure of reinforcing particles of niobium carbide in a cast superalloy based on the Fe-Cr-Ni-C system, modified with Nb and Ti, was studied by optical and electron microscopy. Niobium carbide particles in the cast alloy structure are mainly multiphase polycrystalline clusters with heterogeneous chemical composition and crystal structure. The disorientation angle between the individual crystals forming carbide particles is 30–60°. The polycrystalline nature of carbides is probably associated with significant thermal stresses occurring at the interfaces in the alloy structure during the initial cooling of the ingot. For an explanation of the polymorphism of niobium carbide clusters, further analysis on the basis of structural and geometric crystallography is required. 10.5862/JEST.254.20 669.1.017:669.018.44:669:018.28:669.018.891:5 CAST HEAT-RESISTANT HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHASE COMPOSITION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CARBIDE PHASES; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.20/ 20_kondratev.pdf

RAR RUS 210-222 Artemyeva Darina Khaydorov Aleksandr haidorow@yandex.ru INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS CR18NI9 AND CR16NI11MO3 The paper investigated the influence of nitrogen on pitting corrosion in austenitic Cr-Ni steels of grades 18Cr-9Ni and 16Cr-11Ni-3Мo and their welded joints under parking conditions. It was established that increasing the content of nitrogen while decreasing the carbon content had a positive influence on the pitting resistance. We determined the value of the critical temperature of pitting formation and the safe range of temperature and composition of the environment ensuring no pockets of local corrosion can emerge while the FBR-1200 equipment is stored, installed, or put into operation. 10.5862/JEST.254.21 669.1.017:669.15.194.56 AUSTENITIC CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEEL; CORROSION RESISTANCE; PITTING CORROSION; CRITICAL PITTING TEMPERATURE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.21/ 21_artemeva.pdf

RAR RUS 223-232 Gorynin Vladimir z1dehy97@mail.wplus.net Olenin Mihail 1951vika@mail.ru ADDITIONAL AGING AS A MEANS FOR INCREASING THE COLD RESISTANCE OF PEARLITIC STEELS A comprehensive study of temperature-time parameters and structural changes during aging of pearlitic class steel 25KH1MF was carried out. It was found that aging at a temperature of 450 °C after heat improvement leads to a decrease of the lattice parameter of ferrite. This provides a reduction in carbon content in the ferritic matrix due to the allocation of excess carbon in the form of cementite and subsequent coagulation of carbide particles. It is shown that aging at a temperature of 450 °C with exposure for 5 hours allows to increase the cold resistance of the investigated steel by more than 2.5 times. The critical brittleness temperature of the 25KH1MF steel decreased from -15...-17 to -43...-45 °C, while impact strength increased by 2.5-3 times at a temperature of -20 °C. 10.5862/JEST.254.22 669.1.017:621.78:620.18 STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; HEAT TREATMENT; COLD RESISTANCE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.22/ 22_gorynin.pdf

RAR RUS 233-244 Efimova Kseniia efimovaksenia@mail.ru Galevsky Gennadiy kafcmet@mail.ru Rudneva Victoria THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIBORIDE The paper presents thermodynamic analysis of equilibrium and quasi-equilibrium of multicomponent systems for different technological types of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, boron gasification, synthesis of titanium diboride TiB2. The objects of thermodynamic modeling were the C-H-N, B-H-N, Ti-O-C- B-H-N, Ti-B-H-N, Ti-B-Cl-H-N systems. TiB2 forms through boriding titanium by borohydrides in the temperature range of 2300-3500 K. A 100% yield of titanium diboride in the Ti-B-H-N and Ti-B- O-C-H-N systems is possible at stoichiometric ratios Ti: B = 1: 2, O: C = 2: 2 and a 6-fold excess of hydrogen (B: H = 2:12). A 100% yield of titanium diboride in the Ti-B-Cl-H-N system is achieved at a stoichiometric ratio Ti-B and an excess of hydrogen (Cl: H = 1: 9). 10.5862/JEST.254.23 661.657.2 PLASMA SYNTHESIS; THERMODYNAMICS; MODELING; BORIDE FORMATION; NANO- POWDERS; TITANIUM DIBORIDE https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.23/ 23_efimova.pdf

PER RUS 245-247 Demidov Alexander ph-chem@ftim.spbstu.ru PROFESSOR ANDREY GEORGIEVICH MORACHEVSKY (FOR HIS 90TH ANNIVERSARY) An essay dedicated to the major results of the scientific and educational activity of a well-known scientist in the field of high-temperature electrochemistry and physical chemistry of metals and alloys, Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor Andrey Georgievich Morachevsky. His encyclopaedic knowledge and outstanding diligence enabled him to write and publish four textbooks and ten books on the history of science only in the past five years. 10.5862/JEST.254.24 001:929 TEMPERATURE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; METALS; ALLOYS https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.24/ 24_demidov.pdf

PER RUS 248-255 Morachevski Andrey morachevski@mail.ru Firsova Elena THE 15TH PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (DEDICATED TO THE 125TH BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMICIAN SERGEY IVANOVICH VAVILOV) This essay is dedicated to the life and academic and teaching activities of Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov (1891–1951), an outstanding physicist, full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, organizer of sci- entific teams and а prominent public figure. From 1945 until the end of his life, Vavilov was President of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He founded a large scientific school in the area of physical optics, ex- plored the phenomenon of luminescence and identified its practical significance. For the discovery and theoretical substantiation of the Vavilov–Cherenkov effect in 1958, the Russian scientists were awarded a Nobel prize. Vavilov’s studies laid the groundwork for the development of nonlinear physics. His scholarly works were awarded the State (Stalin) Prize four times. Vavilov’s research in the history of sci- ence is widely known. He also translated Newton’s ‘Opticks’ into Russian. The article also dwells on the tragic fate of his older brother, N.I. Vavilov (1887–1943), academician, biologist and genetic scientist. 10.5862/JEST.254.25 51/.53(051) S. I. VAVILOV; MEMBER OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; PRESIDENT OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; LUMINESCENCE; VAVILOV–CHERENKOV EFFECT; NONLINEAR OPTICS; STATE INSTITUTE OF OPTICS; PHYSICS INSTITUTE OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.25/ 25_morachevskiy.pdf

UNK RUS 256-266 Arseniev Dmitry INTERNATIONALIZATION AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY The article discusses various aspects of internationalization, organization and development of the international activities in SPbPU and assesses the impact of these processes on the international competitiveness of the university. The internationalization process includes components such as the development of international academic partnership with foreign universities, research institutions, high-tech companies; development of international academic mobility; internationalization of the composition of academic staff and students; development and implementation of international educational programs. Based on the analysis of the university’s performance, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of the mechanisms that are used in SPbPU for the sustainable development of international activity, which contributes to the university’s reputation in the international academic and business communities and allows the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University retain its place among the world's leading universities. 10.5862/JEST.254.26 378.1 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS AND INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS; FOREIGN STUDENTS; FOREIGN SCHOLARS; EDUCATORS; INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS; INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE SUMMER https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.26/ 26_arsenev.pdf

REV RUS 267-273 Sinelnikova Elena Ivanov Boris I. b.i.ivanov@mail.ru ROUND TABLE «SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING SOCIETIES OF ST. PETERSBURG: HISTORY AND MODERNITY (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY)» The article is dedicated to the round table ''Scientific and engineering societies of St. Petersburg: history and modernity (on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Russian technical society)'' which held on April 26, 2016 in St. Petersburg. The organizers of the event were the St. Petersburg Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University and the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University. Presentations were made by representatives of the historian community and scientific and engineering societies of St. Petersburg. 10.5862/JEST.254.27 061.22 ROUND TABLE; RUSSIAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY; ANNIVERSARY; SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES; ENGINEERING SOCIETIES; HISTORY; ST. PETERSBURG https://engtech.spbstu.ru/article/2016.98.27/ 27_sinelnikova.pdf