PROMISING ANODE MATERIALS FOR SODIUM-ION BATTERIES

The brief review considers the findings of the studies dedicated to anode materials for sodium-ion batteries published mainly in 2012–2017 almost exclusively in foreign periodicals. Due to a huge amount of studies in this area, we have primarily considered review papers, citing only a few original works. The principle of operation of sodium-ion batteries is the same as lithium-ion batteries: as the battery is charging, sodium ions from the material of the positive electrode (cathode) pass into the electrolyte and then interact with the material of the negative electrode (anode). Reverse processes occur during discharge. The main advantage of sodium-ion battery in comparison with the lithium-ion battery is the low cost of raw materials and their wide availability. However, there are also difficulties associated primarily with the large size of sodium ions. Perspective anodic materials of different types are considered in the study.