WORLD EXPERIENCE OF ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION AND PROSPECTS FOR KALININGRAD REGION

The transition of the Kaliningrad power system to isolated operation raises issues concerning the optimization of the existing generating complex and ensuring energy security. The objective of this research is to identify ways to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the Kaliningrad region’s power system based on international experience. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes and substantiates a methodology for a comparative analysis of isolated power systems based on a set of criteria (isolation, dependence on fuel imports, comparability of scale and the level of renewable energy sources integration). Based on this methodology, an analysis of the generation structure, technologies and emergency operating conditions was conducted for the power systems of Oahu (USA), Cyprus, Crete (EU), Tenerife, and Gran Canaria (Spain). The analysis demonstrated that the key factors for the sustainable development of isolated systems are the integration of renewable energy sources, the deployment of energy storage systems and the establishment of intersystem connections. This analysis has enabled the formulation of a scientifically-grounded concept for restructuring the generating complex of the Kaliningrad power system. It is proposed that the priority areas should be the development of the region’s wind power potential and the implementation of electricity storage systems. This can optimize the operation of thermal power plants, increase system stability, and reduce dependence on imported fuel.